HlLgm2, a member of asparaginyl endopeptidases/legumains in the midgut of the ixodid tick Haemaphysalis longicornis, is involved in blood-meal digestion

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abdul Alim ◽  
Naotoshi Tsuji ◽  
Takeharu Miyoshi ◽  
M. Khyrul Islam ◽  
Xiaohong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Blood Meal Digestion

scholarly journals Serine hydroxymethyltransferase controls blood-meal digestion in the midgut of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemei Li ◽  
Jinyu Yang ◽  
Qian Pu ◽  
Xinyue Peng ◽  
Lili Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Transcriptional Expression ◽  
Blood Meal Digestion

Abstract Background Female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are vectors of arboviruses that cause diverse diseases of public health significance. Blood protein digestion by midgut proteases provides anautogenous mosquitoes with the nutrients essential for oocyte maturation and egg production. Midgut-specific miR-1174 affects the functions of the midgut through its target gene serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT). However, less is known about SHMT-regulated processes in blood digestion by mosquitoes. Methods RNAi of SHMT was realized by injection of the double-stranded RNA at 16 h post-eclosion. The expression of SHMT at mRNA level and protein level was assayed by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed with GraphPad7 using Student’s t-test. Results Here, we confirmed that digestion of blood was inhibited in SHMT RNAi-silenced female A. aegypti mosquitoes. Evidence is also presented that all SHMT-depleted female mosquitoes lost their flight ability and died within 48 h of a blood meal. Furthermore, most examined digestive enzymes responded differently in their transcriptional expression to RNAi depletion of SHMT, with some downregulated, some upregulated and some remaining stable. Phylogenetic analysis showed that transcriptional expression responses to SHMT silence were largely unrelated to the sequence similarity between these enzymes. Conclusions Overall, this research shows that SHMT was expressed at a low level in the midgut of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, but blood-meal digestion was inhibited when SHMT was silenced. Transcriptional expressions of different digestive enzymes were affected in response to SHMT depletion, suggesting that SHMT is required for the blood-meal digestion in the midgut and targeting SHMT could provide an effective strategy for vector mosquito population control.

Leucine aminopeptidase, HlLAP, from the ixodid tick Haemaphysalis longicornis, plays vital roles in the development of oocytes

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Hatta ◽  
Naotoshi Tsuji ◽  
Takeharu Miyoshi ◽  
M. Khyrul Islam ◽  
M. Abdul Alim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against midgut of ixodid tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis

2003 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mie Nakajima ◽  
Michi Kodama ◽  
Haruko Yanase ◽  
Toshihiko Iwanaga ◽  
Albert Mulenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis

A model for blood meal digestion and fat metabolism in male tsetse flies (Glossinidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP M. J. LODER ◽  
JOHN W. HARGROVE ◽  
SARAH E. RANDOLPH
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Blood Meal Digestion

Tick vitellogenin receptor reveals critical role in oocyte development and transovarial transmission of Babesia parasite

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damdinsuren Boldbaatar ◽  
Badgar Battsetseg ◽  
Tomohide Matsuo ◽  
Takeshi Hatta ◽  
Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Developmental Expression ◽  
Transovarial Transmission ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Babesia Gibsoni ◽  
Vitellogenin Receptor ◽  
Babesia Parasite

A cDNA encoding the vitellogenin receptor of the ixodid tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann (HlVgR) was cloned and characterized. The full-length cDNA is 5631 bp, including an intact ORF encoding an expected protein with 1782 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of the HlVgR cDNA revealed two ligand-binding domains with four class A cysteine-rich repeats in the first domain and eight in the second domain similar to those of insect VgRs. The immunoblot analysis detected ~197 kDa protein in both tick ovary and egg. The developmental expression profile demonstrated that HlVgR mRNA exists throughout the ovarian development, and the transcriptional level is especially high in the previtellogenic period. Immuno electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that the localization of HlVgR is detected on the external surface of oocyte plasma membrane. RNAi showed that eggs of HlVgR dsRNA-injected adult ticks had not developed into fully mature oocytes and laid abnormal eggs. The Babesia parasite DNA was not detected in the eggs of HlVgR dsRNA-injected tick that fed on Babesia gibsoni infected dog, whereas it was detected in the eggs of PBS-injected ticks and noninjected ticks. Expression of HlVgR was increased by the vitellogenic hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. These results indicate that HlVgR, which is produced by the developing oocytes, is essential for Vg uptake, egg development in the H. longicornis tick, and transovarial transmission of Babesia parasites.

scholarly journals Assessing the blood-host plasticity and dispersal rate of the malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Orsborne ◽  
Luis Furuya-Kanamori ◽  
Claire L. Jeffries ◽  
Mojca Kristan ◽  
Abdul Rahim Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Host Choice ◽  
Anopheles Coluzzii ◽  
Dispersal Rate ◽  
Blood Digestion ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Blood Meal Digestion ◽  
Blood Meals

AbstractDifficulties with observing the dispersal of insect vectors in the field have hampered understanding of several aspects of their behaviour linked to disease transmission. Here, a novel method based on detection of blood-meal sources is introduced to inform two critical and understudied mosquito behaviours: plasticity in the malaria vector’s blood-host choice and vector dispersal. Strategically located collections of Anopheles coluzzii from a malaria-endemic village of southern Ghana showed statistically significant variation in host species composition of mosquito blood-meals. Trialling a new sampling approach gave the first estimates for the remarkably local spatial scale across which host choice is plastic. Using quantitative PCR, the blood-meal digestion was then quantified for field-caught mosquitoes and calibrated according to timed blood digestion in colony mosquitoes. We demonstrate how this new ‘molecular Sella score’ approach can be used to estimate the dispersal rate of blood-feeding vectors caught in the field.

scholarly journals microRNA tissue atlas of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Lampe ◽  
Elena A. Levashina
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Malaria Mosquito ◽  
Human Malaria Parasite ◽  
Mosquito Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Blood Meal Digestion

ABSTRACTAnopheles gambiae mosquitoes transmit the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, which causes the majority of fatal malaria cases worldwide. The hematophagous life style defines the mosquito reproductive biology and is exploited by P. falciparum for its own sexual reproduction and transmission. The two main phases of the mosquito reproductive cycle, pre-vitellogenic (PV) and post-blood meal (PBM) shape its capacity to transmit malaria. Transition between these phases is tightly coordinated to ensure homeostasis between mosquito tissues and successful reproduction. One layer of control is provided by microRNAs, well known regulators of blood meal digestion and egg development in Aedes mosquitoes. Here, we report a global overview of tissue-specific miRNA expression during the PV and PBM phases and identify miRNAs regulated during PV to PBM transition. The observed coordinated changes in the expression levels of a set of miRNAs in the energy-storing tissues suggest a role in the regulation of blood meal-induced metabolic changes.

scholarly journals Knockout of juvenile hormone receptor, Methoprene-tolerant, induces black larval phenotype in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (43) ◽  
pp. 21501-21507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan-Heng Zhu ◽  
Yaoyu Jiao ◽  
Shankar C. R. R. Chereddy ◽  
Mi Young Noh ◽  
Subba Reddy Palli
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Yellow Fever Mosquito ◽  
Guide Rna ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Blood Meal Digestion

The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, vectors human pathogens. Juvenile hormones (JH) control almost every aspect of an insect’s life, and JH analogs are currently used to control mosquito larvae. Since RNA interference does not work efficiently during the larval stages of this insect, JH regulation of larval development and mode of action of JH analogs are not well studied. To overcome this limitation, we used a multiple single guide RNA-based CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing method to knockout the methoprene-tolerant (Met) gene coding for a JH receptor. The Met knockout larvae exhibited a black larval phenotype during the L3 (third instar larvae) and L4 (fourth instar larvae) stages and died before pupation. However, Met knockout did not affect embryonic development or the L1 and L2 stages. Microscopy studies revealed the precocious synthesis of a dark pupal cuticle during the L3 and L4 stages. Gene expression analysis showed that Krüppel homolog 1, a key transcription factor in JH action, was down-regulated, but genes coding for proteins involved in melanization, pupal and adult cuticle synthesis, and blood meal digestion in adults were up-regulated in L4 Met mutants. These data suggest that, during the L3 and L4 stages, Met mediates JH suppression of pupal/adult genes involved in the synthesis and melanization of the cuticle and blood meal digestion. These results help to advance our knowledge of JH regulation of larval development and the mode of action of JH analogs in Ae. aegypti.

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