Quantifying avoided deforestation in Pará: Protected areas, buffer zones and edge effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Jusys
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Avoided Deforestation

scholarly journals Spatial Assessment of the Potential Impact of Infrastructure Development on Biodiversity Conservation in Lowland Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan Sharma ◽  
Bhagawat Rimal ◽  
Nigel Stork ◽  
Himlal Baral ◽  
Maheshwar Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Ecological Sites ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats ◽  
The Impact

Biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate with infrastructure development being one of the leading causes. New infrastructure, such as roads, provides new access and results in increased land clearing and wildlife hunting. A number of large infrastructure projects, including new roads and rail, are being planned in Nepal. We show the application of readily available remotely sensed data and geospatial tools to assess the potential impact of these future developments on habitat quality under three protection-level scenarios. Our findings reveal that there is currently large spatial heterogeneity in habitat quality across the landscape as a result of current anthropogenic threats, and that three areas in particular could have up to 40% reduction in habitat quality as a result of the planned infrastructure. Further research is required to determine more precisely the impact on key species. Strengthening protected areas and buffer zones will contribute to mitigating degradation to some degree, however, large areas of biologically significant areas outside protected areas will be affected without new controls. Our geographic information systems (GIS) based methodology could be used to conduct studies in data poor developing countries, where rapid infrastructure development across ecological sites are ongoing, in order to make society, policy makers, and development planners aware.

Low wolverine (Gulo gulo) density in a national park complex of the Canadian Rocky Mountains

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 287-298
Author(s):  
M. Barrueto ◽  
M.A. Sawaya ◽  
A.P. Clevenger
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Canadian Rocky Mountains ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Gulo Gulo

Large carnivores are sensitive to human-caused extirpation due to large home ranges, low population densities, and low reproductive rates. Protected areas help maintain populations by acting as sources, but human-caused mortality, habitat displacement, and edge effects occurring at protected area boundaries may reduce that function. The national parks Banff, Yoho, and Kootenay in the Canadian Rocky Mountains are refugia for large carnivores, including wolverines (Gulo gulo (Linnaeus, 1758)). Despite growing conservation concern, empirical baseline population data for wolverines remain scarce throughout their range, including most of Canada. We hypothesized (i) that in these national parks, wolverine density matched values expected for high-quality habitat, and (ii) that edge effects decreased density towards park boundaries. We conducted systematic non-invasive genetic sampling surveys covering >7000 km2 (2011 and 2013). Using spatial capture–recapture models, we estimated mean (±SE) female (1.5 ± 0.3 and 1.4 ± 0.3 wolverine/1000 km2), male (1.8 ± 0.4 and 1.5 ± 0.3 wolverine/1000 km2), and combined (3.3 ± 0.5 and 3.0 ± 0.4 wolverine/1000 km2) densities for 2011 and 2013, respectively. These estimates were lower than predictions based on density extrapolation from nearby high-quality habitat, and density decreased towards park boundaries. To benefit the population, we recommend creating buffer zones around parks that protect female habitat and prohibit harvest.

Property rights in protected areas: obstacles to community involvement as a solution in Thailand

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Vandergeest
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Community Property ◽  
Forest Tenure ◽  
The Government

SummaryConflicts between local people and managers of protected areas (PAs) have often undermined conservation goals in Asia. Since the 1970s, conservation planners have tried to address these problems by incorporating rural development into PA planning. More recently, many conservationists have argued for increasing community involvement in PA management, and for allowing traditional resource uses inside PAs. Based on research in Thailand I make three arguments regarding obstacles to implementing the new approach.In Thailand, laws governing Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks enacted in the early 1960s were premised on the idea that human use and nature preservation were incompatible. Rapid expansion of these PAs in recent years has produced endemic conflict with rural people claiming resources inside PAs. To address this problem, the Thai Royal Forestry Department has cooperated with NGOs providing development assistance to rural people living in buffer zones outside of some PAs. I argue that this approach has met limited success because the main source of conflict is not poverty but claims on resources inside PAs.The second argument is that the Forestry Department has resisted changes to laws making local use inside PAs illegal because these laws are important for consolidating the Department's control over territory and in justifying increasing budgetary allocations. In addition, by redefining itself as an organization devoted to strict defence of forests, the Department has obtained the support of many urban environmentalists. The third argument is that the community forest approach taken by a recent draft Community Forest Bill is an important first step in that it implicitly recognizes community property. At the same time, this approach will also fail to address key problems because it is based on a notion of the traditional village, and does not allow for the commercial nature of rural forest use or the household-based nature of forest tenure.I suggest that the new expansion of PAs be halted, that land claimed by rural households be taken out of PAs, and that the government recognize community management rights in areas that remain classified as protected. More generally, the goals of conservation would be better achieved by replacing an approach based on the rapid expansion of PAs with one promoting conservation outside PAs.

scholarly journals Landscape Changes in Protected Areas in Poland

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Anna Zbierska
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Natura 2000 Network ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Legal Forms

Land-Use Cover Changes (LUCCs) are one of the main problems for the preservation of landscapes and natural biodiversity. Protected Areas (PAs) do not escape this threat. Poland is among the European leaders in terms of the variety of landscapes and the share of an area designated as a protected area. However, as many as 78% of the habitats have poor or bad conservation status based on EEA reports. This article analyzes the LUCCs between 2000 and 2018 in various types of the Polish legal forms of nature protection areas and the European Natura 2000 network within the country. The research material was: the data of Corine Land Cover (CLC), the Central Register of Nature Protection Forms, and high-resolution layers, such as HRL and orthophotos. The results were compiled according to the CLC class and forms of protection. The matrix of transformations showed that the most frequently transformed CLC class was 312 (coniferous forest). It was transformed into class 324 (transitional woodland shrubs). The changes in PAs were usually smaller than in the surrounding buffer zones, which may indicate their effectiveness. The exception was the areas of the European Natura 2000 network. The scale of land-cover flows (LCFs) changed within particular forms of protected areas, though afforestation and deforestation predominating in all area types. National reserves and parks were the most stable in terms of land cover structures. However, human settlements increased around the protected areas, potentially increasing threats to their ecological integrity.

Governance, Location and Avoided Deforestation from Protected Areas: Greater Restrictions Can Have Lower Impact, Due to Differences in Location

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 7-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Pfaff ◽  
Juan Robalino ◽  
Eirivelthon Lima ◽  
Catalina Sandoval ◽  
Luis Diego Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Avoided Deforestation

Edge Effects and the Extinction of Populations Inside Protected Areas

Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 280 (5372) ◽  
pp. 2126-2128 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Woodroffe
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Edge Effects

scholarly journals Raptor declines in West Africa: comparisons between protected, buffer and cultivated areas

Oryx ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Thiollay
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Transect Counts

AbstractSince 1970 there has been a dramatic decline of large raptors and terrestrial birds in West African savannahs. Comparative dry season transect counts over 4,697 km of driven transects were performed in 2004–2005 in south-eastern Burkina Faso to assess the abundance of 41 raptor species and large terrestrial species in four National Parks and surrounding hunting zones and cultivated areas. Population sizes were estimated for larger taxa in protected areas using distance sampling and nest searching. Most large vultures and eagles were generally found only in protected areas, with fewer individuals in the surrounding buffer zones and nearly none elsewhere. Conversely, the abundance of most of the smaller species was not different between protected and cultivated areas, and three species were more abundant in cultivated areas. Helmeted guineafowl Numida meleagris, Stanley’s bustard Neotis denhami and Abyssinian ground hornbill Bucorvus abyssinicus were not found outside protected areas. Within the 1.4 million ha of protected areas in and around south-east Burkina Faso, six species of eagles and vultures have estimated populations of c. 100–200 pairs, five species c. 50–100 pairs, five species have populations of <50 pairs, and the secretary bird Sagittarius serpentarius was not recorded. No specific reason for the collapse of large raptors in non-protected areas (which account for 99% of the area of the countries studied) has been identified, but the consequences of fast human population growth and habitat changes, overhunting, disturbances and poisoning may have played a critical role. Updating information on the conservation status of these species would be an important first step towards their long-term conservation.

Lifeboat or sinking ship: will the size and shape of Old-Growth Management Areas provide viable future habitat for temperate rainforest lichens?

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 774-787
Author(s):  
Aita Bezzola ◽  
Darwyn Coxson
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effects ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Growth Management ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Landscape Indicators ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Temperate Rainforest ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Current Configuration ◽  
Primary Habitat

The Kispiox Timber Supply Area, a 1.3 million ha region in northwestern British Columbia, Canada, supports a significant assemblage of temperate rainforest (oceanic) lichens that depend on old forests. Given their known sensitivity to edge effects, we ask whether or not the current configuration of Kispiox Old-Growth Management Area (OGMA) reserves will provide viable future habitat for oceanic lichens as surrounding landscapes are progressively logged in coming decades. Landscape indicators were calculated from provincial map data sets. Old Interior Cedar–Hemlock biogeoclimatic zone forests, the primary habitat for Kispiox oceanic lichens, had a landscape shape index of 6.4 in OGMAs, indicative of elongate shapes susceptible to edge effects. Mean patch size in OGMAs was 43 ha, with the largest patch size being 1 378 ha. In contrast, the landscape shape index for pre-industrial old cedar–hemlock forests was 1.3, with a mean patch size of 1 293 ha and largest patch size of 23 357 ha. When modelled edge effects were extended to 120 m, only 25% of cedar–hemlock forests in Kispiox OGMAs remained interior habitat (7 754 ha total). Adoption of silvicultural practices that maintain buffer zones around existing OGMAs, and the designation of additional OGMAs, especially in watersheds with intact old cedar–hemlock forests, is recommended to conserve oceanic lichen communities in the Kispiox region.

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