The Stability and Suitability of the Bhasan Char Island as an Accommodation for the Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN)

Assessing the dynamics of Bhasan Char is very crucial, as the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) has recently selected the island as the accommodation of the FDMN. This article critically evaluates the spatiotemporal morphological variations due to erosion, accretion, and subsurface deformation of the island through multi-temporal geospatial and geophysical data analysis, groundwater quality-quantity, and also determines the nature and rate of changes from 2003 to 2020. This is the first study in this island on which multi-temporal Landsat Satellite Imagery and seismic data have been used with geospatial techniques with Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) and petrel platform, respectively. The analysis of satellite images suggests that the island first appeared in 2003 in the Bay of Bengal, then progressively evolved to the present stable condition. Significant changes have taken place in the morphological and geographical conditions of the island since its inception. Since 2012, the island has been constantly accreted by insignificant erosion. It receives tidally influenced fluvial sediments from the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) river system and the sedimentary accretion, in this case, is higher than the erosion due to relatively weaker wave action and longshore currents. It has gained approximately 68 km2 area, mostly in the northern part and because of erosion in the south. Although the migration of the Bhasan Char was ubiquitous during 2003–2012, it has been concentrated in a small area to the east since 2018. The net shoreline movements (NSM) suggest that the length of the shoreline enlarged significantly by around 39 km in 2020 from its first appearance. Seismic and GPS data clearly indicate that the island is located on the crest of a slowly uplifting low-amplitude anticline, which may result in a stable landform around the island. Based on the analysis of historical data, it has been assessed that the current configuration of Bhasan Char would not be severely affected by 10–15-foot-high cyclone. Therefore, FDMN rehabilitation here might be safer that would be a good example for future geo-environmental assessment for any areas around the world for rehabilitation of human in remote and vulnerable island. The findings of this research will facilitate the government’s decision to rehabilitate FDMN refugees to the island and also contribute to future research in this area.

Entrenching Community (Participatory) Governance Through Street Committees at Cato Crest, eThekwini Municipality

This chapter explores the role of street committees in retrenching and grounding community participatory governance at Cato Crest. The chapter is purposed to revitalise street committees as street/area democratically elected and managed structures aimed at restoring inclusive local democracy, peace, and order, especially in the prevalence of domestic violence, crime, community disunity and divisions, disobedient youth, and other anti-social behaviours. The author argues that the current configuration of street committees as partisan structures compromises their fundamental purpose of uniting people regardless of race, culture, gender, and socio-economic class. The chapter found that without clear developmental roles, street committees are often highjacked to serve a party political agenda. The chapter is qualitative in nature when data were collected through observation and face-to-face interviews with street committees at Cato Crest. The empirical data was also enriched by secondary sources in the form of journal papers, books, and government reports.

Method and software for finite element solution of two-dimensional creep problems at large deformations

The paper presents the formulation of a two-dimensional problem of the creep theory for the case of finite strains. A description of the foundations of the calculation method presents. The method is based on the use of the generalized Lagrange-Euler (ALE) approach, in which the boundary value problem in the current solid configuration is solved by using FEM. A triangular element is involved in the numerical modeling. At each stage of creep calculations in the current configuration, the initial problem is solved numerically using the finite difference method. The preprocessing data preparation is carried out in the homemade RD program, in which two-dimensional model is surrounded by a mesh of special elements. This feature implements the ALE algorithm for the motion of material elements along the model. The examples of preprocessing as well as of the mesh rebuilding in the case of finite elements transition are given. Creep calculations are performed in the developed program, which is based on the use of the FEM Creep software package in the case of finite strains. The regular mesh is used for calculations, which allow us to use the efficient algorithm for transition between current configurations. The numerical results of the creep of specimens made from aluminum alloys are compared with the experimental and calculated ones obtained by integrating the constitutive equations. It was concluded that for material with ductile type of fracture the presented method and software allow to obtain results very close to experimental only by use of creep rate equation. Creep simulations of material with mixed brittle-ductile fracture type demand use the additional equation for damage variable.

Rua do Catete: A Flânerie como Prática de Intervenção Urbana

O ser humano é um ser que se movimenta com ou sem intenção ou objetivo. Ele perambula ou flana descobrindo e explorando o espaço vivido, se apropriando dele através do caminhar pela fruição e pelo prazer de sentir e vivenciar o espaço. Neste presente artigo, a autora vivencia esse espaço na atual configuração da Rua do Catete, no bairro do mesmo nome no Rio de Janeiro. A combinação de trechos preservados com edifícios construídos em terrenos remanescentes de demolições, junto à persistência de vazios urbanos, mostram uma relação transacionalista que oferece a possibilidade de ampliar a compreensão desse objeto de estudo. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a evolução do espaço urbano e também dos indivíduos (flâneurs) que habitam e percebem a cidade. Por meio da imersão em campo pelo método da flânerie, inspirado no conceito criado por Walter Benjamin a partir de textosde Charles Baudelaire, é criada uma cartografia textual como ferramenta interpretativa. Esse método possibilita a percepção do espaço focada nos detalhes que se materializam no tempo, revelando outros “territórios” além daqueles demarcados pela história. Palavras-chave: Rua do Catete; Flânerie; Flâneur; Intervenção Urbana. Abstract The human being is a being that moves with or without intention or objective. He wanders or wanders discovering and exploring the lived space, appropriating it through walking for the enjoyment and pleasure of feeling and experiencing the space. In this article, the author experiences this space in the current configuration of Catete Street, in the neighborhood of the same name in Rio de Janeiro. A transactional relationship that offers the possibility of broadening the understanding of this object of study. The objective of this work is to analyze the evolution of the urban space and also of the individuals (flâneurs) that inhabit and perceive the city. Through field immersion using the flânerie method, inspired by the concept created by Walter Benjamin from texts by Charles Baudelaire, a textual cartography is created as an interpretive tool. This method enables the perception of space focused on details that materialize in time, revealing other “territories”, in addition to those demarcated by history. Keywords: Catete Street; Flânerie; Flâneur; Urban intervention.The human being is a being that moves with or without intention or objective. He wanders or wanders discovering and exploring the lived space, appropriating it through walking for the enjoyment and pleasure of feeling and experiencing the space. In this article, the author experiences this space in the current configuration of Catete Street, in the neighborhood of the same name in Rio de Janeiro. A transactional relationship that offers the possibility of broadening the understanding of this object of study. The objective of this work is to analyze the evolution of the urban space and also of the individuals (flâneurs) that inhabit and perceive the city. Through field immersion using the flânerie method, inspired by the concept created by Walter Benjamin from texts by Charles Baudelaire, textual cartography is created as an interpretive tool. This method enables the perception of space focused on details that materialize in time, revealing other “territories”, in addition to those demarcated by history. Keywords: Catete Street; Flânerie; Flâneur; Urban intervention.

14 Her: A Likely Case of Planet–Planet Scattering

In this Letter, we measure the full orbital architecture of the two-planet system around the nearby K0 dwarf 14 Herculis. 14 Her (HD 145675, HIP 79248) is a middle-aged ( 4.6 − 1.3 + 3.8 Gyr) K0 star with two eccentric giant planets identified in the literature from radial velocity (RV) variability and long-term trends. Using archival RV data from Keck/HIRES in concert with Gaia-Hipparcos acceleration in the proper motion vector for the star, we have disentangled the mass and inclination of the b planet to 9.1 − 1.1 + 1.0 M Jup and 32.7 − 3.2 + 5.3 degrees. Despite only partial phase coverage for the c planet’s orbit, we are able to constrain its mass and orbital parameters as well to 6.9 − 1.0 + 1.7 M Jup and 101 − 33 + 31 degrees. We find that coplanarity of the b and c orbits is strongly disfavored. Combined with the age of the system and the comparable masses of its planets, this suggests that planet–planet scattering may be responsible for the current configuration of the system.

Gearbox Mechanical Efficiency Determination by Strain Gauges Direct Application

This article describes a unique method of measuring the efficiency of gearboxes using foil strain gauges, which allows maintaining the current configuration of the gearbox within the overall assembly of the machine and its functional condition. The presented method is applicable to gearboxes located in the original equipment assembly without the need to use a test rig. Using foil strain gauges, the torque at the input and output of the gearbox is detected. Therefore, the accuracy of torque measurement is key. The crucial step is the calibration of the instrumentation to the given application conditions, which, in this case, is ensured by a virtual calibration using a very accurate FEM analysis. The accuracy of the position of strain gauges and virtual calibration of measurements generate inaccuracies affecting the resulting uncertainty of the determined efficiency. The present article shows, on the example of several measurements, that when using 24-bit converters, after processing the obtained data, mechanical stress with a sensitivity better than hundredths of an MPa can be reliably detected even without signal amplification from strain gauges. It follows that the efficiency is determined with an accuracy of better than low units of tenths.

Variants of derivation modes for which catalytic P systems with one catalyst are computationally complete

Catalytic P systems are among the first variants of membrane systems ever considered in this area. This variant of systems also features some prominent computational complexity questions, and in particular the problem of using only one catalyst: is one catalyst enough to allow for generating all recursively enumerable sets of multisets? Several additional ingredients have been shown to be sufficient for obtaining even computational completeness with only one catalyst. Last year we could show that the derivation mode $$max_{objects}$$ m a x objects , where we only take those multisets of rules which affect the maximal number of objects in the underlying configuration one catalyst is sufficient for obtaining computational completeness without any other ingredients. In this paper we follow this way of research and show that one catalyst is also sufficient for obtaining computational completeness when using specific variants of derivation modes based on non-extendable multisets of rules: we only take those non-extendable multisets whose application yields the maximal number of generated objects or else those non-extendable multisets whose application yields the maximal difference in the number of objects between the newly generated configuration and the current configuration. A similar computational completeness result can even be obtained when omitting the condition of non-extendability of the applied multisets when taking the maximal difference of objects or the maximal number of generated objects. Moreover, we reconsider simple P system with energy control—both symbol and rule energy-controlled P systems equipped with these new variants of derivation modes yield computational completeness.

Some Issues on Crystal Plasticity Models Formulation: Motion Decomposition and Constitutive Law Variants

In this paper, kinematic relations and constitutive laws in crystal plasticity are analyzed in the context of geometric nonlinearity description and fulfillment of thermodynamic requirements in the case of elastic deformation. We consider the most popular relations: in finite form, written in terms of the unloaded configuration, and in rate form, written in terms of the current configuration. The presence of a corotational derivative in the relations formulated in terms of the current configuration testifies to the fact that the model is based on the decomposition of motion into the deformation motion and the rigid motion of a moving coordinate system, and precisely the stress rate with respect to this coordinate system is associated with the strain rate. We also examine the relations of the mesolevel model with an explicit separation of a moving coordinate system and the elastic distortion of crystallites relative to it in the deformation gradient. These relations are compared with the above formulations, which makes it possible to determine how close they are. The results of the performed analytical calculations show the equivalence or similarity (in the sense of the response determined under the same influences) of the formulation and are supported by the results of numerical calculation. It is shown that the formulation based on the decomposition of motion with an explicit separation of the moving coordinate system motion provides a theoretical framework for the transition to a similar formulation in rate form written in terms of the current configuration. The formulation of this kind is preferable for the numerical solution of boundary value problems (in a case when the current configuration and, consequently, contact boundaries, are not known a priori) used to model the technological treatment processes.

Prediction of the Onset of Failure in Elastomeric Solids with Weld Lines being Represented as Localized Regions of Lower Density

We study the initiation of damage in a polymeric body in which there is a line defect due to the formation of a “weld line” that occurs when two polymer streams join together and then solidify. We show that damage initiates in the region of weakness, namely the “weld line” based on a criterion for damage that was developed earlier in [1]. We also show that if there are other stress concentrators also additionally present, such as a hole, then there is a competition between the stresses induced due to the weakness and the stress as a consequence of the stress concentrator (in this instance a hole). This study adds more credence to the criterion for the initiation of damage that is based completely on knowledge of information at the current configuration of the body, that is, the criterion for damage is not based on the value of quantities that also need information based on a reference configuration such as the stress or strain.

Data mining in the context of urban metabolism: A case study of Geneva and Lausanne, Switzerland

The highest share of the global population lives in cities. The current configuration of the latter requires considerable amounts of resource flows causing the degradation of local and global ecosystems. To face the complexity of these challenges, scientists use the concept of urban metabolism (UM), i.e. measuring urban input and output flows from a systemic perspective. This accounting method results in a large data collection from multiple sources that are often not harmonised. Metabolism of Cities Data Hub is an online platform which facilitates data collection, processing and visualisation in order to extract urban metabolism insights. This work highlights the challenges faced when mining urban metabolism data in the case of Lausanne and Geneva, as well as provides insights on how data could be best used from users and providers. Slight differences between the two case studies, in terms of data accessibility and availability where experienced but the main challenges revolved around data copyright, format and availability. As a conclusion, the used tool can enable harmonisation and standardisation of UM data. As such it could contribute to the use of data mining to streamline the environmental monitoring of cities as well as facilitate the creation of mitigation strategies.