scholarly journals Effects of weight loss with a very low carbohydrate, low saturated fat diet on endothelial function in patients with T2DM

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
T.P. Wycherley ◽  
N.D. Luscombe-Marsh ◽  
C.H. Thompson ◽  
J.D. Buckley ◽  
M. Noakes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

scholarly journals Changes in blood lipid concentrations associated with changes in intake of dietary saturated fat in the context of a healthy low-carbohydrate weight-loss diet: a secondary analysis of the Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia W Shih ◽  
Michelle E Hauser ◽  
Lucia Aronica ◽  
Joseph Rigdon ◽  
Christopher D Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Weight Loss Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Saturated Fat Intake

ABSTRACTBackgroundFor low-carbohydrate diets, a public health approach has focused on the replacement of carbohydrates with unsaturated fats. However, little research exists on the impacts of saturated fat intake on the lipid profile in the context of whole-food-based low-carbohydrate weight-loss diets.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this secondary analysis of the DIETFITS weight loss trial was to evaluate the associations between changes in percentage of dietary saturated fatty acid intake (%SFA) and changes in low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins, and triglyceride concentrations for those following a healthy low-carbohydrate (HLC) diet. The secondary aim was to examine these associations specifically for HLC dieters who had the highest 12-month increases in %SFA.MethodsIn the DIETFITS trial, 609 generally healthy adults, aged 18–50 years, with body mass indices of 28–40 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to a healthy low-fat (HLF) or HLC diet for 12 months. In this analysis, linear regression, both without and with adjustment for potential confounders, was used to measure the association between 12-month change in %SFA and blood lipids in 208 HLC participants with complete diet and blood lipid data.ResultsParticipants consumed an average of 12–18% of calories from SFA. An increase of %SFA, without significant changes in absolute saturated fat intake, over 12 months was associated with a statistically significant decrease in triglycerides in the context of a weight-loss study in which participants simultaneously decreased carbohydrate intake. The association between increase in %SFA and decrease in triglycerides was no longer significant when adjusting for 12-month change in carbohydrate intake, suggesting carbohydrate intake may be a mediator of this relationship.ConclusionsThose on a low-carbohydrate weight-loss diet who increase their percentage intake of dietary saturated fat may improve their overall lipid profile provided they focus on a high-quality diet and lower their intakes of both calories and refined carbohydrates. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01826591.

Abstract 3610: Comparative Effects of 3 Popular Diets on Lipids, Endothelial Function and Biomarkers of Atherothrombosis in the Absence of Weight Loss

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Miller ◽  
Valerie Beach ◽  
Charles Mangano ◽  
Jeffrey Rhyne ◽  
Christina Dobmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
The South ◽  
Atkins Diet ◽  
Total Fat

Background : While the effect of popular diets on weight loss has been extensively studied, less is known in the absence of weight loss. We hypothesized that a diet high in total and saturated fat would be associated with adverse effects on LDL-C, endothelial function and biomarkers of atherothrombosis compared to lower fat diets. Methods : We tested 3 popular diets, including Atkins (50% fat), South Beach (30% fat) and Ornish (10% fat) in a randomized and counterbalanced, crossover study. Subjects completed each of the three 4-week dietary intervention phases followed by a 4-week washout period. They were weighed weekly and caloric adjustments made if weight change exceeded 1 kg. At the completion of each dietary phase, 3-day food records were analyzed, fasting blood was sampled and brachial artery reactivity testing (BART) performed. Results : Eighteen of 26 adults (mean age: 30.6 ± 9.6 yrs, 50% female) completed all 3 dietary phases. There were no changes in weight at the conclusion of each phase. However, non-significant increases in LDL-C occurred during the Atkins phase (pre: 96.5, post: 112.9 mg/dL; P=0.12 ), whereas LDL-C was reduced during the Ornish (pre: 110.1, post: 84.6 mg/dL; P=0.006 ) and South Beach phases (pre: 101.7, post: 91.5 mg/dL; P=0.01 ). BART testing revealed a significant inverse correlation between flow-mediated vasodilation and intake of total fat (r 2 =−0.29; P=0.03 ), saturated fat (r 2 =−0.31; P=0.02 ) and monounsaturated fat (r 2 =−0.35; P=0.01 ). Microarray analysis demonstrated increased expression of several leukocyte biomarkers including, ICAM2 (37%; P=0.002 ), SELL (26%; P=0.007 ) and SOD1 (42%; P=0.04 ) at the completion of the Atkins diet compared to baseline. In contrast, expression of atherothrombotic biomarkers was not increased after the South Beach or Ornish phase. Conclusions: In the absence of weight loss, the high fat Atkins diet is associated with increased LDL-C, reduced endothelial vasoreactivity and increased expression of biomarkers of atherothrombosis. As such, these data suggest that isocaloric conversion to the Atkins diet may negatively impact cardiovascular health as compared to the South Beach or Ornish Diet.

scholarly journals Endothelial function and weight loss: Comparison of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets

Obesity ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emile R. Mohler ◽  
Alexandra A. Sibley ◽  
Richard Stein ◽  
Victor Davila-Roman ◽  
Holly Wyatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Fat Diets

scholarly journals Low Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets: What We Don't Know and Why we Should Know It

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seid ◽  
Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Cholesterol Intake

In the 1940s, the diet-heart hypothesis proposed that high dietary saturated fat and cholesterol intake promoted coronary heart disease in “at-risk“ individuals. This hypothesis prompted federal recommendations for a low-fat diet for “high risk” patients and as a preventive health measure for everyone except infants. The low carbohydrate diet, first used to treat type 1 diabetes, became a popular obesity therapy with the Atkins diet in the 1970s. Its predicted effectiveness was based largely on the hypothesis that insulin is the causa prima of weight gain and regain via hyperphagia and hypometabolism during and after weight reduction, and therefore reduced carbohydrate intake would promote and sustain weight loss. Based on literature reviews, there are insufficient randomized controlled inpatient studies examining the physiological significance of the mechanisms proposed to support one over the other. Outpatient studies can be confounded by poor diet compliance such that the quality and quantity of the energy intake cannot be ascertained. Many studies also fail to separate macronutrient quantity from quality. Overall, there is no conclusive evidence that the degree of weight loss or the duration of reduced weight maintenance are significantly affected by dietary macronutrient quantity beyond effects attributable to caloric intake. Further work is needed.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of weight loss with a very-low carbohydrate, low saturated fat diet on flow mediated dilatation in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Wycherley ◽  
Campbell H. Thompson ◽  
Jonathan D. Buckley ◽  
Natalie D. Luscombe-Marsh ◽  
Manny Noakes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Randomised Controlled

scholarly journals Effect of polyunsaturated and saturated fat intake as part of a low‐carbohydrate diet for weight loss.

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget A Cassady ◽  
Nicole L Charboneau ◽  
Emily E Brys ◽  
Kristen A Skime ◽  
Tonya J Pleschourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Saturated Fat Intake

Effects of a Low Carbohydrate Weight Loss Diet on Exercise Capacity and Tolerance in Obese Subjects

Obesity ◽  
2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant D. Brinkworth ◽  
Manny Noakes ◽  
Peter M. Clifton ◽  
Jonathan D. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Weight Loss Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Obese Subjects
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