Assessment of risk factors associated with oral polio vaccine refusal in Rahim Yar Khan District, Pakistan (2017)

Abstract Uganda officially introduced the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in May 2016 as part of the polio eradication strategy and integrated it into its routine immunization programme in addition to the oral polio vaccine. The current coverage stands at 60% as of July 2017. We therefore aimed to determine factors associated with the uptake of IPV among children in Kalungu District so as to inform the implementation of the vaccine policy. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among caregivers of 406 eligible children aged 12–23 months through multi-stage systematic sampling and a standardized semi-structured questionnaire. Nine key informant interviews were conducted through purposive selection of health care providers and members of Village Health Teams (VHTs) based on their expertize. Modified Poisson regression and thematic content analysis were used to determine factors significant to IPV uptake among children. 71% of sampled children aged 12–23 months had received IPV in Kalungu District. The survey found that being encouraged by health workers and VHTs was significant to children’s uptake of IPV (Adjusted PR 1.24, 95% CI; 1.22–3.47). Distance to the immunization point (Adjusted PR 0.32,95% CI; 0.16–0.62) and caregiver’s education level (Adjusted PR 1.16,95% CI; 1.05–2.22) were also associated with IPV uptake. Qualitative findings from health workers and VHT members further confirmed the perception that distance to the immunization post was important, and VHTs also stated that being encouraged by health workers was critical to IPV uptake. The current prevalence of IPV uptake among children aged 12–23 months in Kalungu is 71%, higher than the last reported national coverage (60%), though still below the recommended national coverage of 95%. Efforts should be focused on sensitization of caregivers through health workers and VHTs. Immunization outreach should be strengthened so as to bring services closer to patients.

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ORAL POLIO VACCINE REFUSAL PATTERN IN KUMBOTSO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KANO STATE, NORTHERN NIGERIA

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/7995 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 262-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adamu Nuhu ◽

◽

KabirYusuf Mawashi ◽

GregoryC Umeh ◽

Onimisi Anthony ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Oral Polio Vaccine ◽

Local Government Area ◽

Northern Nigeria ◽

Vaccine Refusal ◽

Polio Vaccine

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Age-appropriate vaccination coverage and its determinants in children aged 12-36 months in Nepal: a national and subnational assessment

10.21203/rs.3.rs-269052/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Santosh Kumar Rauniyar ◽

Yoko Iwaki ◽

Daisuke Yoneoka ◽

Masahiro Hashizume ◽

Shuhei Nomura

Keyword(s):

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Oral Polio Vaccine ◽

Provincial Government ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Polio Vaccine ◽

Random Intercept ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Age Appropriate ◽

Childhood Vaccines

Abstract Background Vaccination is one of the effective ways to develop immunity against potential life-threatening diseases in children in early age. This study is focused on analysing the age-appropriate vaccination coverage at national and subnational levels and identify the factors associated with age-appropriate coverage in Nepal.Methods 460 children aged 12-36 months were included in the study. The data was obtained from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016-17. Age-appropriate coverage of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine (BCG), oral polio vaccine (OPV) doses 1-3, pentavalent vaccine (PE) doses 1-3, and first dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) were estimated using Kaplan Meier method. Multilevel logistic regression with random intercept was used to identify the factors associated with age-appropriate vaccination. Results The crude coverage of the vaccines included in the study ranged from 91.5% (95% CI, 88.5-93.7) for PE3 to 97.8% (95.8-98.7) for BCG. Although the crude coverage of all the vaccines was above 90%, the age-appropriate coverage was significantly low, ranging from 41.5% (36.5-46.6) for PE3 to 73.9 % (69.2-78.1) for PE1. Furthermore, high disparity in timely vaccination coverage was observed at regional level. Compared to the age-appropriate vaccination coverage in other provinces, Province 2 had the lowest coverage of all, followed by that in Province 6. The timeliness of vaccination was significantly associated with subnational regions i.e., provinces and the season of childbirth.Conclusion Although the immunization program in Nepal has achieved the target of 90% crude coverage of all the childhood vaccines, the age-appropriate coverage is significantly low which undermines the effectiveness of the vaccines administered. Thus, along with crude coverage, timeliness of the vaccines administered should be taken into consideration and thoroughly monitored at national and subnational levels. Provincial government should formulate tailored strategies to ensure the timely administration of the childhood vaccines.

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Age-appropriate vaccination coverage and its determinants in children aged 12–36 months in Nepal: a national and subnational assessment

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11841-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Santosh Kumar Rauniyar ◽

Yoko Iwaki ◽

Daisuke Yoneoka ◽

Masahiro Hashizume ◽

Shuhei Nomura

Keyword(s):

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Oral Polio Vaccine ◽

Provincial Government ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Polio Vaccine ◽

Random Intercept ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Age Appropriate ◽

Childhood Vaccines

Abstract Background Vaccination is one of the effective ways to develop immunity against potential life-threatening diseases in children in early age. This study is focused on analysing the age-appropriate vaccination coverage at national and subnational levels and identify the factors associated with age-appropriate coverage in Nepal. Methods 460 children aged 12–36 months were included in the study. The data was obtained from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016–17. Age-appropriate coverage of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine (BCG), oral polio vaccine (OPV) doses 1–3, pentavalent vaccine (PE) doses 1–3, and first dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) were estimated using Kaplan Meier method. Multilevel logistic regression with random intercept was used to identify the factors associated with age-appropriate vaccination. Results The crude coverage of the vaccines included in the study ranged from 91.5% (95% CI, 88.5–93.7) for PE3 to 97.8% (95.8–98.7) for BCG. Although the crude coverage of all the vaccines was above 90%, the age-appropriate coverage was significantly low, ranging from 41.5% (36.5–46.6) for PE3 to 73.9% (69.2–78.1) for PE1. Furthermore, high disparity in timely vaccination coverage was observed at regional level. Compared to the age-appropriate vaccination coverage in other provinces, Province 2 had the lowest coverage of all, followed by that in Province 6. The timeliness of vaccination was significantly associated with subnational regions i.e., provinces and the season of childbirth. Conclusion Although the immunization program in Nepal has achieved the target of 90% crude coverage of all the childhood vaccines, the age-appropriate coverage is significantly low which undermines the effectiveness of the vaccines administered. Thus, along with crude coverage, timeliness of the vaccines administered should be taken into consideration and thoroughly monitored at national and subnational levels. Provincial government should formulate tailored strategies to ensure the timely administration of the childhood vaccines.

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Risk factors associated with substance use

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e553882014-001 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Ariel M. Barber ◽

Alexandra Crouch ◽

Stephen Campbell

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Substance Use ◽

Factors Associated

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A Six Year Prospective Study of Fibrinogen and Other Risk Factors Associated with Mortality in Stable Claudicants

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1656361 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 68 (03) ◽

pp. 261-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

A K Banerjee ◽

J Pearson ◽

E L Gilliland ◽

D Goss ◽

J D Lewis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Intermittent Claudication ◽

Fibrinogen Level ◽

Past History ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Arterial Disease ◽

Plasma Fibrinogen ◽

Plasma Fibrinogen Level ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Probability Of Death

SummaryA total of 333 patients with stable intermittent claudication at recruitment were followed up for 6 years to determine risk factors associated with subsequent mortality. Cardiovascular diseases were the underlying cause of death in 78% of the 114 patients who died. The strongest independent predictor of death during the follow-up period was the plasma fibrinogen level, an increase of 1 g/l being associated with a nearly two-fold increase in the probability of death within the next 6 years. Age, low ankle/brachial pressure index and a past history of myocardial infarction also increased the probability of death during the study period. The plasma fibrinogen level is a valuable index of those patients with stable intermittent claudication at high risk of early mortality. The results also provide further evidence for the involvement of fibrinogen in the pathogenesis of arterial disease.

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Risk factors associated with primary and secondary reduced libido in male patients with sexual dysfunction

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.32.p672 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Giovanni Corona ◽

Giulia Rastrelli ◽

Emmanuele Jannini ◽

Linda Vignozzi ◽

Edoardo Mannucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sexual Dysfunction ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Male Patients

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Risk factors associated with osteoporosis in beta-thalassaemia major patients

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.49.ep307 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Elena Mirela Iancu ◽

Alice Ioana Albu ◽

Irina Nicolaescu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Thalassaemia Major ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Beta Thalassaemia

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Population level risk factors associated with childhood obesity

Obesity Abstracts ◽

10.1530/obabs.01.rfc2.6 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Claire Beynon ◽

Nora Pashyan ◽

Elizabeth Fisher ◽

Dougal Hargreaves ◽

Linda Bailey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Population Level ◽

Factors Associated

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Renal Failure after Coronary Bypass Surgery and the Associated Risk Factors

The Heart Surgery Forum ◽

10.1532/hsf.1216 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 006

Author(s):

Hasan Reyhanoglu ◽

Kaan Ozcan ◽

Murat Erturk ◽

Fatih İslamoglu ◽

İsa Durmaz

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Renal Failure ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Artery Bypass ◽

Bypass Surgery ◽

Artery Bypass ◽

Significant Risk ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Factors Associated

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with acute renal failure in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods: One hundred and six patients who developed renal failure after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) constituted the study group (RF group), while 110 patients who did not develop renal failure served as a control group (C group). In addition, the RF group was divided into two subgroups: patients that were treated with conservative methods without the need for hemodialysis (NH group) and patients that required hemodialysis (HR group). Risk factors associated with renal failure were investigated. Results: Among the 106 patients that developed renal failure (RF), 80 patients were treated with conservative methods without any need for hemodialysis (NH group); while 26 patients required hemodialysis in the postoperative period (HR group). The multivariate analysis showed that diabetes mellitus and the postoperative use of positive inotropes and adrenaline were significant risk factors associated with development of renal failure. In addition, carotid stenosis and postoperative use of adrenaline were found to be significant risk factors associated with hemodialysis-dependent renal failure (P < .05). The mortality in the RF group was determined as 13.2%, while the mortality rate in patients who did not require hemodialysis and those who required hemodialysis was 6.2% and 34%, respectively. Conclusion: Renal failure requiring hemodialysis after CABG often results in high morbidity and mortality. Factors affecting microcirculation and atherosclerosis, like diabetes mellitus, carotid artery stenosis, and postoperative vasopressor use remain the major risk factors for the development of renal failure.

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