Factors associated with the utilization of inactivated polio vaccine among children aged 12 to 23 months in Kalungu District, Uganda

Abstract Uganda officially introduced the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in May 2016 as part of the polio eradication strategy and integrated it into its routine immunization programme in addition to the oral polio vaccine. The current coverage stands at 60% as of July 2017. We therefore aimed to determine factors associated with the uptake of IPV among children in Kalungu District so as to inform the implementation of the vaccine policy. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among caregivers of 406 eligible children aged 12–23 months through multi-stage systematic sampling and a standardized semi-structured questionnaire. Nine key informant interviews were conducted through purposive selection of health care providers and members of Village Health Teams (VHTs) based on their expertize. Modified Poisson regression and thematic content analysis were used to determine factors significant to IPV uptake among children. 71% of sampled children aged 12–23 months had received IPV in Kalungu District. The survey found that being encouraged by health workers and VHTs was significant to children’s uptake of IPV (Adjusted PR 1.24, 95% CI; 1.22–3.47). Distance to the immunization point (Adjusted PR 0.32,95% CI; 0.16–0.62) and caregiver’s education level (Adjusted PR 1.16,95% CI; 1.05–2.22) were also associated with IPV uptake. Qualitative findings from health workers and VHT members further confirmed the perception that distance to the immunization post was important, and VHTs also stated that being encouraged by health workers was critical to IPV uptake. The current prevalence of IPV uptake among children aged 12–23 months in Kalungu is 71%, higher than the last reported national coverage (60%), though still below the recommended national coverage of 95%. Efforts should be focused on sensitization of caregivers through health workers and VHTs. Immunization outreach should be strengthened so as to bring services closer to patients.

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Influencing Factors for Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage and Early Detection of Women at Risk in The Northern Province of Rwanda: Beneficiary and Health Worker Perspectives

10.21203/rs.3.rs-30568/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Oliva Bazirete ◽

Manassé Nzayirambaho ◽

Aline Umubyeyi ◽

Marie Chantal Uwimana ◽

Evans Marilyn

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Care ◽

Early Detection ◽

Focus Groups ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Health Workers ◽

Northern Province ◽

Care Providers ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Childbearing Women

Abstract Background: Reduction of maternal mortality and morbidity is a major global health priority. However, much remains unknown regarding factors associated with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) among childbearing women in the Rwandan context. The aim of this study is to explore the influencing factors for prevention of PPH and early detection of women at risk as perceived by beneficiaries and health workers in the Northern Province of Rwanda. Methods: A qualitative descriptive exploratory study was drawn from a larger sequential exploratory‐mixed methods study. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 11 women who experienced PPH within the 6 months prior to interview. In addition, focus group discussions were conducted with: women’s partners or close relatives (2 focus groups), community health workers (CHWs) in charge of maternal health (2 focus groups) and health care providers (3 focus groups). A socio ecological model was used to develop interview guides to describe factors related to early detection and prevention of PPH in consideration of individual attributes, interpersonal, family and peer influences, intermediary determinants of health and structural determinants. The research protocol was approved by the University of Rwanda, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Institutional Ethics Review Board. Results: We generated four interrelated themes: (1) Meaning of PPH: beliefs, knowledge and understanding of PPH: (2) Organizational factors; (3) Caring and family involvement and (4) Perceived risk factors and barriers to PPH prevention. The findings from this study indicate that PPH was poorly understood by women and their partners. Family members and CHWs feel that their role for the prevention of PPH is to get the woman to the health facility on time. The main factors associated with PPH as described by participants were multiparty and retained placenta. Low socioeconomic status and delays to access health care were identified as the main barriers for the prevention of PPH. Conclusions: Addressing the identified factors could enhance early prevention of PPH among childbearing women. Placing emphasis on developing strategies for early detection of women at higher risk of developing PPH, continuous professional development of health care providers, developing educational materials for CHWs and family members could improve the prevention of PPH. Involvement of all levels of the health system was recommended for a proactive prevention of PPH. Further quantitative research, using case control design is warranted to develop a screening tool for early detection of PPH risk factors for a proactive prevention.

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Knowledge and practices of health workers on safe disposal of sharp medical wastes in selected hospitals

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v6i4.51249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 802-808

Author(s):

Eti Samadder ◽

Ashees Kumar Shaha ◽

Irtiza Ahmed Chowdhury ◽

Sajeda Khatun ◽

China Rani Mittra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care Providers ◽

Waste Disposal ◽

Health Workers ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Medical Waste ◽

Care Providers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Safe Disposal ◽

Correct Color ◽

Medical Wastes

Sharp medical waste is infectious and hazardous because of their high potential diseases transmission and injury. It poses serious threats to environmental health. A cross sectional study was done to assess the level of knowledge and practices of health workers on safe disposal of sharp medical wastes. This study was done in Pirojpur Sadar Hospital, Nazirpur Upazilla Health Complex and Zia Nagar Upazilla Health Complex. Sample size was 200 Health Workers. A Semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected data were processed and analyzed with the help of SPSS (Version 20) software on the basis of different variables. The period of study was from January to December 2016. The study result shows that among 200 respondent mean age was 44.05 (±7.01) years. The designation varieties were nurses (70.0%), doctor (10.0%), Aya/ward boy (15.0%). This study found that, majority of the respondents had knowledge about the concept of medical waste and sharp medical waste. Among the respondents (90.0%) respondents knew the correct color bin to segregate sharp medical waste. Multiple responses of the respondents (80%) mentioned that they got information from Course curriculum. Knowledge of the respondents on sharp medical waste disposal (64.5%) had Good knowledge, (23%) had Fair Knowledge and (12.5%) had Poor Knowledge. Most of the respondents (47.5%) had Good practices, (33%) had Fair and (20%) had Poor practices regarding safe disposal of sharp medical waste disposal. Adequate supply of equipment’s and strict monitoring system should be established to improvement the practice of the health care providers regarding safe disposal of sharp medical waste. Training on sharp medical waste disposal will help the participants to improve their knowledge and practices. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 802-808

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Retrospective Analysis of Metabolic Syndrome: Prevalence and Distribution in Executive Population in Urban Pakistan

International Journal of Family Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/649383 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Niloufer Sultan Ali ◽

Ali Khan Khuwaja ◽

Adnan-ur-Rahman ◽

Kashmira Nanji

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Concern ◽

Care Providers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of

Background. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a major public health concern. Objective. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of MetS, its components, and factors associated with MetS amongst apparently healthy individuals in Pakistan. Methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the executive Clinics of Aga Khan Hospital, Pakistan. Medical records of patients aged ≥18 years visiting the clinics from July 2011 to December 2011 were consecutively reviewed. Records in which either MetS components data or 10% of overall data was missing were excluded. A total of 1329 participants’ records was included in final analysis. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 19 and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with MetS. Results. A total of 847 (63.7%) participants had MetS; mean age of the participants were 47.6 ± 11.6 years. About 70.4% were males and 29.6% were females. Approximately 70% of participants had BMI ≥25 kg/m2. MetS was associated with male gender (AOR = 2.1; 95% C.I: 1.6–3.2) and history of diabetes among parents (AOR = 3.0; 95% C.I: 1.6–6.0). Conclusion. This study shows that a large proportion of population has MetS and is overweight or obese. This requires urgent interventions on part of health care providers’ especially family physicians. Educating masses about life style factors can make a difference. Further researches on this issue are warranted.

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Tingkat Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Yarsi Mengenai Penggunaan Human Diploid Cell Dalam Proses Produksi Vaksin Polio

Jurnal Sosial Sains ◽

10.36418/sosains.v1i12.285 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Wahyu Fitrah Darwanto Nugroho ◽

Indra Kusuma ◽

Siti Nur Riani

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis A ◽

Oral Polio Vaccine ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Diploid Cell ◽

Human Diploid Cell ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inactivated Polio Vaccine ◽

Polio Vaccine ◽

Human Diploid Cells ◽

Diploid Cells

Latar Belakang : Vaksin merupakan suspensi mikroorganisme yang dilemahkan atau dimatikan, atau protein antikgenik dari berbagai organisme tadi yang diberikan untuk mencegah, meringankan, atau mengobati penyakit-penyakit menular. Vaksin pertama kali tercatat pada tahun 1769, yang dipublikasikan oleh Edward Jenner, yaitu specimen yang berasal dari lesi lengan seseorang yang terinfeksi Cowpox. Human Diploid Cells (HDC) merupakan salah satu sel yang digunakan untuk mengkultur virus yang akan dijadikan vaksin. HDC yang berasal dari aborsi manusia ini banyak digunakan untuk mengkultur virus Polio IPV dan OPV, Rabies, Rubella, Measles, Varicella-Zooster, dan Hepatitis A. Tujuan : Vaksin polio merupakan vaksin yang diwajibkan pada anak yang dijadwalkan dari Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (IDAI) yang dibagi menjadi dua jenis, IPV (Inactivated Polio Vaccine) dan OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine). Metode : Jenis Penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional menggunakan kuesioner. Populasi yang digunakan adalah mahasisa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas YARSI tahun pertama dan tahun ketiga yang memenuhi syarat. Cara pemilihan sampel dengan simple random sampling. Hasil : Penelitian yang dilaksanakan selama 3 hari dengan menggunakan kuesioner, dari 100 responden didapatkan persentase jumlah kuesioner Pengetahuan mengenai Human Diploid Cell berdasarkan Tingkat Pendidikan didapatkan pengetahuan baik sebanyak 5% pada tahun ketiga dan 7% pada tahun pertama. Pengetahuan cukup sebanyak 23% pada tingkat ketiga dan 28% pada tahun pertama. Pengetahuan kurang sebanyak 9% pada tingkat ketiga dan 28% pada tahun pertama. Persentase jumlah kuesioner Pengetahuan mengenai Polio berdasarkan Tingkat Pendidikan didapatkan pengetahuan baik sebanyak 15% pada tahun ketiga dan 19% pada tahun pertama. Pengetahuan cukup sebanyak 18% pada tingkat ketiga dan 31% pada tahun pertama. Pengetahuan kurang sebanyak 4% pada tingkat ketiga dan 13% pada tahun pertama. Kesimpulan : Tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan dengan pengetahuan mengenai Human Diploid Cell dalam vaksin Polio. Dalam pandangan Islam, penggunaan vaksin Polio hukumnya mubah karena prinsip Dharuriyat bertujuan untuk mempertahankan nyawa atau Hifdz an-nafs anak dari ancaman penyakit.

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Factors Associated With Patient Waiting Time at a Medical Outpatient Clinic: A Case Study of University of Nairobi Health Services

International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science ◽

10.23958/ijirms/vol06-i12/1307 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 915-918

Author(s):

Rebecca Bisanju Wafula (BSCN, MSCHSM) ◽

Dr. Richard Ayah (MBCHB, MSC, PHD)

Keyword(s):

Health Services ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Waiting Time ◽

Outpatient Clinic ◽

Health Workers ◽

Waiting Times ◽

Care Providers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patient Waiting Time ◽

Patient Waiting

Background: Long waiting time in outpatient clinics is a constant challenge for patients and the health care providers. Prolonged waiting times are associated with poor adherence to treatment, missed appointment and failure or delay in initiation of treatment and is a major factor towards the perception of the patient towards the care received. Objective: To determine the waiting time and associated factors among out patients attending staff clinic at University of Nairobi health services. Method: A cross-sectional study design was used and data collected from 384 ambulatory patients over a period of four weeks using an interviewer administered pretested structured exit questionnaire with a time-tracking section. Simple random sampling was used to select respondents in a walk- in outpatient clinic set up. Data was cleaned and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), and cross tabulation was used to establish associations between the independent variable and dependent variables. Results: In total 384 patients were tracked and interviewed. The average patient waiting time was 55.3mins.Most respondents (52%) suggested that improving availability of staff at their stations would help to reduce patient waiting time. In this study, gender (P=0.005) and availability of doctors (p=0.000) were found to affect patient waiting time with women waiting longer than the male patients. Conclusion: Majority of the patients spent about an hour at the facility to be served. Inadequate number of health workers was the main cause of long waiting time.

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Exclusive breastfeeding knowledge and practices among health care workers in northern Tanzania.

10.21203/rs.2.22363/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Melina Mgongo ◽

Bertha Mlay ◽

Damian Jeremia Damian ◽

Caroline Amour ◽

Beatrice John Leyaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Health Workers ◽

Child Survival ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Providers ◽

Care Providers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Northern Tanzania

Abstract Background Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice is one of the interventions improving child survival. Health workers have been shown to be vital in influencing EBF practices. Objectives To assess the level of knowledge and supportive practices on EBF among healthcare workers Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted between April - June 2011 health care providers working in 36 randomly selected health facilities of Hai and Siha districts. A questionnaire was used to obtain information. Observation of health worker-client interaction was conducted using a check list. Results A total of 250 health workers participated in this study. The majority (80%) had adequate knowledge of EBF. However, 36% of providers believed light porridge should be introduced after 4 months and 43% believed infants will feel thirsty on breast- milk alone. Only 7% of providers answered correctly on skills of support, positioning and attachment. Fifty percent of the facilities with labour/maternity wards gave breastfeeding lessons to post delivery women. The majority (90%) gave theoretical information, without practical demonstration with positioning and/or attachment of the baby to the breast. Conclusion Providers had adequate theoretical knowledge of EBF but lacked important skills to support women in breastfeeding practices. Few labor/maternity facilities used the opportunity to educate women on EBF. Pre- and in-service health providers’ training on breastfeeding should target improved practical skills.

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Quality of Antenatal Care Services in a Developing Country: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Creative Nursing ◽

10.1891/1078-4535.26.1.e25 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. e25-e34

Author(s):

Jacoline Sommer Albert ◽

Ahtisham Younas ◽

Gideon Victor

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Maternal Mortality ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Health Workers ◽

World Health ◽

Care Providers ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Organization

The global adult lifetime risk of maternal mortality is 1 in 180; in Pakistan, it is 1 in 170; in developed regions, 1 in 4,900 (Alkema et al., 2016; Filippi, Chou, Ronsmans, Graham, & Say, 2016; World Health Organization [WHO], 2015). The differences in maternal mortality between developed and developing countries are mainly due to the quality of antenatal care (ANC) available in the two groups of countries. The purpose of this study was to assess the structural and procedural quality of ANC services provided and to assess satisfaction levels of women receiving ANC services in two large hospitals in Islamabad, Pakistan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the hospitals' outpatient maternal and child health clinics, with a random sample of 138 women. The overall quality of ANC was rated as good (61%), average (17.5%), or poor (17.5%). The findings suggest a need to cultivate quality of care at public health facilities, train health workers in communication skills, and build technical capacity by continuing education and supportive supervision to train health-care providers to follow standard protocols for provision of quality ANC services.

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Exclusive breastfeeding knowledge and practices among health care workers in Northern Tanzania.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-23416/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Melina Mgongo ◽

Bertha Mlay ◽

Damian Jeremia Damian ◽

Caroline Amour ◽

Beatrice John Leyaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Health Workers ◽

Child Survival ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Providers ◽

Care Providers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Northern Tanzania

Abstract Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice is one of the interventions improving child survival. Health workers have been shown to be vital in influencing EBF practices.Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge and supportive practices on EBF among healthcare workers Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted between April - June 2011 health care providers working in 36 randomly selected health facilities of Hai and Siha districts. A questionnaire was used to obtain information. Observation of health worker-client interaction was conducted using a check list.Results: A total of 250 health workers participated in this study. The majority (80 %) had adequate knowledge of EBF. However, 36 % of providers believed light porridge should be introduced after 4 months and 43 % believed infants will feel thirsty on breast- milk alone. Only 7 % of providers answered correctly on skills of support, positioning and attachment. Fifty percent of the facilities with labour/maternity wards gave breastfeeding lessons to post delivery women. The majority (90 %) gave theoretical information, without practical demonstration with positioning and/or attachment of the baby to the breast.Conclusion: Providers had adequate theoretical knowledge of EBF but lacked important skills to support women in breastfeeding practices. Few labor/maternity facilities used the opportunity to educate women on EBF. Pre- and in-service health providers’ training on breastfeeding should target improved practical skills.

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Health insurance enrollees’ satisfaction with health maintenance organizations and non-enrollees’ willingness to participate and pay for health insurance in Abuja, Nigeria

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174805 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (11) ◽

pp. 3976

Author(s):

Obembe Oluwagbemiga Oladipupo ◽

Abodunrin Olugbemiga Lanre ◽

Jegede S. Oluwatosin

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Service Providers ◽

Health Maintenance Organizations ◽

Systematic Sampling ◽

Willingness To Participate ◽

Health Coverage ◽

Care Providers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Maintenance

Background: The Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO) which is shouldered with the responsibility of coordinating the activities of the Health Care Providers (HCP) to ensure good services are rendered to the insured enrollees have been reported to be failing in her responsibilities. This study was conducted to determine enrollees’ satisfaction with HMOs services and the willingness of the non-insured to participate in health insurance scheme in Abuja Metropolis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 Health Insurance enrollees using systematic sampling method. Data were collected using self-administered semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: This study revealed low satisfaction of enrollees with the services rendered by their HMOs as only a few above half of the study participants 115 (54.8%) reported to have been satisfied with the services received from the health insurance administration, their service providers and the HMOs in charge. Conclusions: Though Health Insurance is a proven way of achieving universal health coverage and Health for all populations, this study showed that enrollee’s dissatisfaction with HMOs services has continually being a hindrance to this key Alma-Ata Declaration. More knowledge among enrollees about the modus operandi of HMOs will help them demand for better services as a right.

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Influencing Factors for Early Detection and Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage in The Northern Province of Rwanda: Beneficiary and Health Worker Perspectives.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-30568/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Oliva Bazirete ◽

Manassé Nzayirambaho ◽

Aline Umubyeyi ◽

Marie Chantal Uwimana ◽

Evans Marilyn

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Early Detection ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Postpartum Hemorrhage ◽

Health Workers ◽

Northern Province ◽

Care Providers ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Childbearing Women ◽

Early Detection And Prevention

Abstract Background: Reduction of maternal mortality and morbidity is a major global health priority.However, much remains unknown regarding factors associated with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) among childbearing women in the Rwandan context. The aim of this study is to explore the influencing factors for early detection and prevention of PPH as perceived by beneficiaries and health workers in the Northern Province of Rwanda. Methods: A qualitative descriptive exploratory study was drawn from a larger sequential exploratory‐mixed methods study. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 11 women who experienced PPH within the 6 months prior to interview. In addition, focus group discussions were conducted with: women’s partners or close relatives, community health workers (CHWs) in charge of maternal health and health care providers . A socio ecological model was used to develop interview guides to describe factors related to early detection and prevention of PPH in consideration of individual attributes, interpersonal, family and peer influences, intermediary determinants of health and structural determinants. The research protocol was approved by the University of Rwanda, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Institutional Ethics Review Board. Results: We generated four interrelated themes:Meaning of PPH: beliefs, knowledge and understanding of PPH:Organizational factors; Caring and family involvement and Perceived risk factors and barriers to PPH prevention. The findings from this study indicate that PPH was poorly understood by women and their partners. Family members and CHWs feel that their role for the prevention of PPH is to get the woman to the health facility on time. The main factors associated with PPH as described by participants were multiparty and retained placenta. Low socioeconomic status and delays to access health care were identified as the main barriers for the prevention of PPH. Conclusions: Addressing the identified factors could enhance early prevention of PPH among childbearing women. Placing emphasis on developing strategies for early detection of women at higher risk of developing PPH, continuous professional development of health care providers, developing educational materials for CHWs and family members could improve the prevention of PPH. A further case control study is warranted to develop a screening tool for early detection predictors to PPH.

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