The impact of different obstacles on crowd dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 100893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav Karbovskii ◽  
Oksana Severiukhina ◽  
Ivan Derevitskii ◽  
Daniil Voloshin ◽  
Alva Presbitero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crowd Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Modeling the Pedestrian Ability of Detecting Lanes and Lane Changing Behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mahmod Shuaib
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Crowd Dynamics ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lane Formation ◽  
Dynamics Models ◽  
The Impact

Incorporating decision-making capability as an intelligence aspect into crowd dynamics models is crucial factor for reproducing realistic pedestrian flow. Crowd dynamics models are still suffering from poor representation of essential behaviors such as lane changing behavior. In this article, we provide the simulated pedestrians in the social force model more intelligence as an extension to the pedestrian’s investigation capability in bidirectional walkways, to let the model appear more representative of what actually happens in reality. In the proposed model, the lane’s structure is modeled as social network. Thereby, the simulated pedestrians with inconvenient walking can detect the available lanes inside his environment, investigate their attractions, and then make decisions to join the most attractive one. Simulations are performed to validate the work qualitatively by tracing the behavior of the simulated pedestrians and studying the impact of this behavior on lane formation. Finally, a quantitative measurement is used to study the effect of our contribution on the pedestrians’ efficiency of motion.

scholarly journals An adaptive media strategy for influencing crowd behaviour

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasha Hassan ◽  
Yasser Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategy ◽  
Media Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Crowd Dynamics ◽  
Political Beliefs ◽  
The Media ◽  
Smart Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crowd Formation

Purpose Media has always been used as a key manipulator of public agendas, political beliefs and individuals’ attitudes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of three adaptive media strategies on the pattern and dynamics of potential crowds. Design/methodology/approach An agent-based approach is used to simulate the three adaptive media strategies on the pattern and dynamics of potential crowds. During the experiments, the media broadcast is intensified to gather momentum for crowd movements or is lessened to maintain the budget. Findings The results show that a slight change in the media management strategy could lead to a radical different impact on the crowd dynamics. The results also show that a quite smart media strategy could outperform a strategy with an unlimited budget. Finally, the structure of the society shows a significant influence on the crowd dynamics than it could be inferred. Originality/value The model presents an explanatory toolkit for the crowd complexity. The results provide deep insights into the crowd formation and a basis for understanding the influence of media and the impact of its strategies on the crowd dynamics.

scholarly journals An Investigation Capability Model for Bidirectional Pedestrian Flow

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mahmod Shuaib ◽  
Zarita Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Average Density ◽  
Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Crowd Dynamics ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
Representative Model ◽  
Tactical Decision ◽  
Dynamics Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bidirectional Flow

<p class="zhengwen"><span lang="EN-GB">The pedestrian traffic flow in bidirectional walkways is very crucial aspect influenced by the level of pedestrians’ decisions.</span><span lang="EN-GB"> In this article, the authors show that the simulated pedestrians walking based on crowd dynamics models of low level mechanism of navigation (operational level) are short-sighted in avoiding counter flow. Such limitation resulted in unrealistic formation of motion in bidirectional flow, that the movement is less systematic and the lanes are less coherent than what in real situation. To obtain a more representative model, the authors improve the investigation capability model as a tactical decision model to be incorporated into a crowd dynamics model to reproduce better formation of motion. This is accomplished by granting the pedestrians the ability to investigate the macroscopic behaviors in their investigation areas and make decisions for convenience flow. The new model considers the average density and flow inside such areas and models their effect on the pedestrians' decisions. Simulations are performed to validate the work qualitatively by tracing the behavior of the simulated pedestrians and studying the impact of this behavior on the self-organized phenomenon: lane formation. Furthermore, the fundamental diagram of bidirectional flow is reproduced and compared with experimental fundamental diagrams.</span></p>

scholarly journals Agent Based Modelling and Simulation of Pedestrian Crowds in Panic Situations

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. A100
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alrashed ◽  
Jeff Shamma
Keyword(s):  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Collective Behaviors ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Agent Based Modelling ◽  
Crowd Dynamics ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mass Events

The increasing occurrence of panic stampedes during mass events has motivated studying the impact of panic on crowd dynamics. Understanding the collective behaviors of panic stampedes is essential to reducing the risk of deadly crowd disasters. In this work, we use an agent-based formulation to model the collective human behavior in such crowd dynamics. We investigate the impact of panic behavior on crowd dynamics, as a specific form of collective behavior, by introducing a contagious panic parameter. The proposed model describes the intensity and spread of panic through the crowd. The corresponding panic parameter impacts each individual to represent a different variety of behaviors that can be associated with panic situations such as escaping danger, clustering, and pushing. Simulation results show contagious panic and pushing behavior, resulting in a more realistic crowd dynamics model.

scholarly journals Influence of different merging angles of pedestrian flows on evacuation time

Fire Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Marques Lalane Nappi ◽  
Ivana Righetto Moser ◽  
João Carlos Souza
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Emergency Evacuations ◽  
Crowd Dynamics ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The growing number of fires and other types of catastrophes occurring at large events highlights the need to rethink safety concepts and also to include new ways to optimize buildings and venues where events are held. Although there have been some attempts to model and simulate the movement of pedestrian crowds, little knowledge has been gathered to better understand the impact of the built environment and its geometric characteristics on the crowd dynamics. This paper presents computer simulations about pedestrians’ crowd dynamics that were conducted based on the Social Force Model. The influence of different configurations of pedestrian flows merging during emergency evacuations was investigated. In this study, 12 designs with different merging angles were examined, simulating the evacuation of 400 people in each scenario. The Planung Transport Verkehr (PTV, German for Planning Transport Traffic) Viswalk module of the PTV Vissim software (PTV Group, Karlsruhe, Germany) program was adopted, which allows the employment of the Social Force approach. The results demonstrate that both symmetric and asymmetric scenarios are sensitive to the angles of convergence between pedestrian flows.

scholarly journals One-Way Coupling of Fire and Egress Modeling for Realistic Evaluation of Evacuation Process

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110326
Author(s):  
He-in Cheong ◽  
Zhiyu Wu ◽  
Arnab Majumdar ◽  
Washington Yotto Ochieng
Keyword(s):  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Crowd Dynamics ◽  
Fire Engineering ◽  
Crowd Density ◽  
The Impact

In the discipline of fire engineering, computational simulation tools are used to evaluate the available safe egress time (ASET) and required safe egress time (RSET) of a building fire. ASET and RSET are often analyzed separately, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and crowd dynamics, respectively. Although there are advantages to coupling the ASET and RSET analysis to quantify tenability conditions and reevaluate evacuation time within a building, the coupling process is computationally complex, requiring multiple steps. The coupling setup can be time-consuming, particularly when the results are limited to the modeled scenario. In addition, the procedure is not uniform throughout the industry. This paper presents the successful one-way coupling of CFD and crowd dynamics modeling through a new simplified methodology that captures the impact of fractional effective dose (FED) and reduced visibility from smoke on the individual evacuee’s movement and the human interaction. The simulation tools used were Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and Oasys MassMotion for crowd dynamics. The coupling was carried out with the help of the software development kit of Oasys MassMotion in two different example geometries: an open-plan room and a floor with six rooms and a corridor. The results presented in this paper show that, when comparing an uncoupled and a coupled simulation, the effects of the smoke lead to different crowd density profiles, particularly closer to the exit, which elongates the overall evacuation time. This coupling method can be applied to any geometry because of its flexible and modular framework.

scholarly journals Agent-Based Modeling of the Hajj Rituals with the Possible Spread of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6923
Author(s):  
Ali M. Al-Shaery ◽  
Bilal Hejase ◽  
Abdessamad Tridane ◽  
Norah S. Farooqi ◽  
Hamad Al Jassmi
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Crowd Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

With the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic continuing to spread around the globe, there is an unprecedented need to develop different approaches to containing the pandemic from spreading further. One particular case of importance is mass-gathering events. Mass-gathering events have been shown to exhibit the possibility to be superspreader events; as such, the adoption of effective control strategies by policymakers is essential to curb the spread of the pandemic. This paper deals with modeling the possible spread of COVID-19 in the Hajj, the world’s largest religious gathering. We present an agent-based model (ABM) for two rituals of the Hajj: Tawaf and Ramy al-Jamarat. The model aims to investigate the effect of two control measures: buffers and face masks. We couple these control measures with a third control measure that can be adopted by policymakers, which is limiting the capacity of each ritual. Our findings show the impact of each control measure on the curbing of the spread of COVID-19 under the different crowd dynamics induced by the constraints of each ritual.

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

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