Improved sulfur nutrition provides the basis for enhanced production of sulfur-containing defense compounds in Arabidopsis thaliana upon inoculation with Alternaria brassicicola

2012 ◽  
Vol 169 (7) ◽  
pp. 740-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cordula Kruse ◽  
Florian H. Haas ◽  
Ricarda Jost ◽  
Bianca Reiser ◽  
Michael Reichelt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Defense Compounds ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Sulfur Nutrition

scholarly journals Secretome Analysis of the Banana Fusarium Wilt Fungi Foc R1 and Foc TR4 Reveals a New Effector OASTL Required for Full Pathogenicity of Foc TR4 in Banana

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1430
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Cunzhi Peng ◽  
Xingmei Zheng ◽  
Lili Chang ◽  
Bingqiang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
Defense Compounds ◽  
Secretome Analysis ◽  
Phenylalanine Metabolism ◽  
Race 4 ◽  
Enormous Number ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Banana Fusarium wilt (BFW), which is one of the most important banana diseases worldwide, is mainly caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropic race 4 (Foc TR4). In this study, we conducted secretome analysis of Foc R1 and Foc TR4 and discovered a total of 120 and 109 secretory proteins (SPs) from Foc R1 cultured alone or with banana roots, respectively, and 129 and 105 SPs respectively from Foc TR4 cultured under the same conditions. Foc R1 and Foc TR4 shared numerous SPs associated with hydrolase activity, oxidoreductase activity, and transferase activity. Furthermore, in culture with banana roots, Foc R1 and Foc TR4 secreted many novel SPs, of which approximately 90% (Foc R1; 57/66; Foc TR4; 50/55) were unconventional SPs without signal peptides. Comparative analysis of SPs in Foc R1 and Foc TR4 revealed that Foc TR4 not only generated more specific SPs but also had a higher proportion of SPs involved in various metabolic pathways, such as phenylalanine metabolism and cysteine and methionine metabolism. The cysteine biosynthesis enzyme O-acetylhomoserine (thiol)-lyase (OASTL) was the most abundant root inducible Foc TR4-specific SP. In addition, knockout of the OASTL gene did not affect growth of Foc TR4; but resulted in the loss of pathogenicity in banana ‘Brazil’. We speculated that OASTL functions in banana by interfering with the biosynthesis of cysteine, which is the precursor of an enormous number of sulfur-containing defense compounds. Overall, our studies provide a basic understanding of the SPs in Foc R1 and Foc TR4; including a novel effector in Foc TR4.

Zinc triggers signaling mechanisms and defense responses promoting resistance to Alternaria brassicicola in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plant Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soledad Martos ◽  
Berta Gallego ◽  
Catalina Cabot ◽  
Mercè Llugany ◽  
Juan Barceló ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms

scholarly journals The cytosolic Arabidopsis thaliana cysteine desulfurase ABA3 delivers sulfur to the sulfurtransferase STR18

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Selles ◽  
Tiphaine Dhalleine ◽  
Mathilde Hériché ◽  
Nicolas Rouhier ◽  
Jérémy Couturier
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Chimeric Proteins ◽  
Sulfur Source ◽  
Cysteine Desulfurase ◽  
Bacterial Enzyme ◽  
Catalytic Cysteine ◽  
Sulfur Trafficking ◽  
Sulfur Containing

ABSTRACTThe biosynthesis of many sulfur-containing biomolecules depends on cysteine as a sulfur source. Cysteine desulfurase (CD) and rhodanese (Rhd) domain-containing protein families participate in the trafficking of sulfur for various metabolic pathways in bacteria and human. However, their connection is not yet described in plants even though the existence of natural chimeric proteins containing both CD and Rhd domains in specific bacterial genera suggests that the interaction between both proteins should be universal. We report here the biochemical relationships between two cytosolic proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana, a Rhd domain containing protein, the sulfurtransferase 18 (STR18), and a CD isoform, ABA3, and compare these biochemical features to those of a natural CD-Rhd fusion protein from the bacterium Pseudorhodoferax sp.. We found that the bacterial enzyme is bifunctional exhibiting both CD and STR activities using L-cysteine and thiosulfate as sulfur donors. In vitro activity assays and mass spectrometry analyses revealed that STR18 stimulates the CD activity of ABA3 by recovering the intermediate persulfide on its catalytic cysteine. The ability of STR18 to catalyze trans-persulfidation reactions from ABA3 to a reduced roGFP2 used as a model acceptor protein reveals that the ABA3-STR18 couple may represent an uncharacterized pathway of sulfur trafficking in the cytosol of plant cells, independent of ABA3 function in molybdenum cofactor maturation.

scholarly journals Multiple indole glucosinolates and myrosinases defend Arabidopsis against Tetranychus urticae herbivory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Widemann ◽  
Kristie Bruinsma ◽  
Brendan Walshe-Roussel ◽  
Repon Kumer Saha ◽  
David Letwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Generalist Herbivore ◽  
Defense Compounds ◽  
Indole Glucosinolates ◽  
Indole Glucosinolate ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

ABSTRACTArabidopsis defenses against herbivores are regulated by the jasmonate hormonal signaling pathway, which leads to the production of a plethora of defense compounds, including tryptophan-derived metabolites produced through CYP79B2/CYP79B3. Jasmonate signaling and CYP79B2/CYP79B3 limit Arabidopsis infestation by the generalist herbivore two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. However, the phytochemicals responsible for Arabidopsis protection against T. urticae are unknown. Here, using Arabidopsis mutants that disrupt metabolic pathways downstream of CYP79B2/CYP79B3, and synthetic indole glucosinolates, we identified phytochemicals involved in the defense against T. urticae. We show that Trp-derived metabolites depending on CYP71A12 and CYP71A13 are not affecting mite herbivory. Instead, the supplementation of cyp79b2 cyp79b3 mutant leaves with the 3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate and its derived metabolites demonstrated that the indole glucosinolate pathway is sufficient to assure CYP79B2/CYP79B3-mediated defenses against T. urticae. We demonstrate that three indole glucosinolates can limit T. urticae herbivory, but that they have to be processed by the myrosinases to hinder T. urticae oviposition. Finally, the supplementation of the mutant myc2 myc3 myc4 with indole glucosinolates indicated that the transcription factors MYC2/MYC3/MYC4 induce additional indole glucosinolate-independent defenses that control T. urticae herbivory. Together, these results reveal the complexity of Arabidopsis defenses against T. urticae that rely on multiple indole glucosinolates, specific myrosinases, and additional MYC2/MYC3/MYC4-dependent defenses.One sentence summaryThree indole glucosinolates and the myrosinases TGG1/TGG2 help protect Arabidopsis thaliana against the herbivory of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae.

scholarly journals Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection triggers changes in primary and secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyuan Chen ◽  
Chhana Ullah ◽  
Daniel Giddings Vassão ◽  
Michael Reichelt ◽  
Jonathan Gershenzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Defense Compounds ◽  
Antifungal Metabolites ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolism

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating plant pathogen that causes substantial losses in various agricultural crops. Although plants have developed some well-known defense mechanisms against invasive fungi, much remains to be learned about plant responses to fungal pathogens. In this study we investigated how plant primary and secondary metabolism in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana are affected by S. sclerotiorum infection. Our results showed that the contents of soluble sugars and amino acids changed significantly in A. thaliana leaves upon fungal colonization, with a decrease in sucrose and an increase in mannitol, attributed to fungal biosynthesis. Furthermore, the jasmonate signaling pathway was rapidly activated by S. sclerotiorum infection, and there was a striking accumulation of antifungal metabolites, such as camalexin, p-coumaroyl agmatine, feruloyl agmatine, and Nδ-acetylornithine. On the other hand, the characteristic defense compounds of the Brassicaceae, the glucosinolates, were not induced in A. thaliana infected by the fungus. Our study provides a better understanding of how A. thaliana primary and secondary metabolism are modified during infection by a fungal pathogen like S. sclerotiorum that has both hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic stages.

Quantification of Alternaria brassicicola infection in the Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis

Microbiology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 159 (Pt_9) ◽  
pp. 1946-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukhamad Su’udi ◽  
Jong-Mi Park ◽  
Sang-Ryeol Park ◽  
Duk-Ju Hwang ◽  
Shin-Chul Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola
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