Assessing the impacts of transaction costs and rapid growth on local government service provision and delivery arrangement choices in North Dakota

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 14-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Hultquist ◽  
Dana Michael Harsell ◽  
Robert S. Wood ◽  
David T. Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Government Service

Intraurban Spatial Variations in Local Government Service Provision: 2. Application and Results

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Interaction Techniques ◽  
Government Service ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
The City

It is shown how the methodology used to estimate net fiscal incidence, presented in a previous paper, can be applied to British local government. The example chosen is Leeds, and four services—education, fire protection, library provision, and swimming pool provision—are studied. Estimates of net fiscal incidence are presented for the period 1966–1975. The choice of appropriate geographical areas within the city is discussed and analysis zones are defined on the basis of a principal components analysis of characteristics likely to give rise to significant variations in expenditure participation and revenue contribution. A brief outline of service delivery in Leeds is then presented. Net fiscal residuals are estimated separately for each service. Service expenditure allocation is estimated by spatial interaction techniques and it is shown that there are significant variations in the distributions. However, the spatial pattern of net fiscal imbalances in the City turn out to have some overall similarities. Because of local government reorganisation and other factors, it is not possible to directly compare changes over the study period. Nevertheless, the methods by which local authority finances are raised, movement of client groups, and changes in service delivery are all important mechanisms contributing to change. Further possible explanations are also briefly discussed.

Conflicting Objectives for Rural Local Government: Service Provision to Exurban Communities in Israel

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Newman ◽  
L Applebaum
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Government Service ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Government Network

The delivery of public services in rural areas is a problem encountered not only by declining and peripheral areas but also by newly founded exurban communities. The problems of small size are exacerbated by the demand within these communities for high levels and a high quality of service provision. The existing local government network in these rural and rurban areas is unable to cope with the increased demand emanating from these new communities. This is particularly problematic in Israel, where the rural system of local government, the regional councils, have traditionally fulfilled the role of providing services to agricultural and cooperative communities. In this paper the nature of the service demands made by new exurban communities in Israel, the problems encountered by the regional councils in providing these same services, and the tensions which result from this lack of compatibility are discussed. Proposed functional solutions are presented and compared, ranging from minor modifications to the existing system of rural local government to those which require a change in the formal municipal status of the exurban communities.

Intraurban Spatial Variations in Local Government Service Provision: 1. Methodology

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Rating System ◽  
Government Service ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Household Sector ◽  
Household Incomes

A methodology is developed which enables intraurban spatial variations in local government service provision to be measured. The methodology is sufficiently general to be applied to any service delivered by British local government. The allocation of expenditure to different geographical areas of the authority and contributions in the form of taxation from these zones are each identified in order to estimate net fiscal incidence. A brief review of existing studies is presented, which shows that although increasing attention has been given to the geographical distribution of local government spending, there have been few systematic studies examining expenditure and revenue flows. The problems associated with measuring expenditure incidence are discussed and reviewed. It is suggested that ‘participation’ forms a basis for estimating expenditure distribution to the household sector. Revenue is contributed by households in various roles. Here, contributions through income are used as a surrogate. Household incomes can in turn be estimated by category analysis techniques. In addition, contributions through the rating system are assessed. Finally, a systematic statement of the methodology is outlined and its possible contribution to important policy areas suggested.

The Xianggu Mushroom Industry in Xixia County, Henan: A Case Study (西峡香菇产业的个案研究)

Rural China ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Liu (刘昶) ◽  
Shiqing Bao (包诗卿) ◽  
Danqing Pei (裴丹青)
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Fair Share ◽  
Shiitake Mushroom ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up

The xianggu (shiitake) mushroom industry in Xixia county, Henan, emerged and initially experienced rapid growth during the reform and opening up period. It has benefited from both the rapid expansion of the food consumption market in China and the guidance and support of the local government. After thirty years of sustained expansion, the growth of the mushroom market began to slow down and competition within the industry became fierce. Facing rich and powerful mushroom dealers, individual mushroom farmers have had to bear the brunt of market fluctuations. To break the predicament of farmers’ suffering from low prices (because of the bumper harvest paradox) and to help farmers protect their interests and gain a fair share of the industry’s profits, and thus to achieve sustained and healthy development of the mushroom industry, important institutional innovations are needed. 西峡县香菇产业在改革开放时期经历了从零开始的飞速增长，这既得益于食品消费市场的迅速扩张，也得益于地方政府的引导和扶持。在经历了三十年的持续扩张后，香菇市场增速开始放缓，业内竞争压力凸显。面对财大气粗的菇行，势孤力单的个体菇农首当其冲,受到市场的挤压。要破解菇贱伤农的困局，帮助菇农保护自己的利益和分享产业的利润，并实现香菇产业的健康持续发展，就需要在产业组织和制度上进行创新。 (This article is in English.)

The Place of Lump-Sum Benefits in Superannuation Schemes

1960 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 3-22
Author(s):  
P. R. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Government Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
Insurance Contracts ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Considerable Success ◽  
Industry And Commerce

It has long been recognized by statute and by general consent that the main purpose of a pension scheme is the provision of annuities for employees on their retirement and for the dependants of employees who die either in service or after retirement. In recent years, however, the provision of lump-sum benefits in addition to annuities has become widespread; in national and local government service, and in some of the public boards, superannuation arrangements include the provision of lump sums on a substantial scale. In industry and commerce, the advantages of tax-free lump sums have been vigorously sold, with considerable success, by brokers specializing in pension-scheme business.The objects of this paper are to place such claims in perspective and to explain in broad terms the various methods by which lump-sum benefits may be provided. Reference will be made to insured and to privately administered schemes, but the detailed provisions of trust deeds and insurance contracts are not within the scope of this paper.

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