scholarly journals Luminescence confocal microscopy of 3D components of photonic integrated circuits fabricated by two-photon photopolymerization

2021 ◽  
pp. 100413
Author(s):  
Rilond Pattia Matital ◽  
Danila Anatolievich Kolymagin ◽  
Dmitriy Anatolievich Chubich ◽  
Denis Dmitrievich Merkushev ◽  
Alexei Grigorievich Vitukhnovsky
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Photonic Integrated Circuits ◽  
Two Photon

scholarly journals Photonic integrated circuits for life sciences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Witzens ◽  
Patrick Leisching ◽  
Alireza Tabatabaei Mashayekh ◽  
Thomas Klos ◽  
Sina Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Photonic Integrated Circuits ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Visible Spectral Range ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Photonic Integrated Circuit

A large number of discrete optical components could be replaced by a photonic integrated circuit in a multi-color laser engine for the visible spectral range. The photonic integrated circuit is based on silicon nitride waveguide technology. We report on the use of silicon nitride (SiN) photonic integrated circuits (PICs) in high-value instrumentation, namely multi-color laser engines (MLEs), a core element of cutting-edge biophotonic systems applied to confocal microscopy, fluorescent microscopy - including super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy - flow cytometry, optogenetics, genetic analysis and DNA sequencing, to name just a few. These have in common the selective optical excitation of molecules - fluorophores, or, in the case of optogenetics, light-gated ion channels - with laser radiation falling within their absorption spectrum. Unambiguous identification of molecules or cellular subsets often requires jointly analyzing fluorescent signals from several fluorescent markers, so that MLEs are required to provide excitation wavelengths for several commercially available biocompatible fluorophores. A number of functionalities are required from MLEs in addition to sourcing the required wavelengths: Variable attenuation and/or digital intensity modulation in the Hz to kHz range are required for a number of applications such as optical trapping, lifetime imaging, or fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Moreover, switching of the laser between two fiber outputs can be utilized for example to switch between scanning confocal microscopy and widefield illumination modes, for instance, for conventional fluorescence imaging.

Two-photon excitation microscopy in cellular biophysics

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
David W. Piston ◽  
Brian D. Bennett ◽  
Robert G. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Excited Electronic State ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Simultaneous Absorption ◽  
Photon Excitation ◽  
Very High ◽  
Two Photon Excitation

Two-photon excitation microscopy (TPEM) provides attractive advantages over confocal microscopy for three-dimensionally resolved fluorescence imaging and photochemistry. Two-photon excitation arises from the simultaneous absorption of two photons in a single quantitized event whose probability is proportional to the square of the instantaneous intensity. For example, two red photons can cause the transition to an excited electronic state normally reached by absorption in the ultraviolet. In practice, two-photon excitation is made possible by the very high local instantaneous intensity provided by a combination of diffraction-limited focusing of a single laser beam in the microscope and the temporal concentration of 100 femtosecond pulses generated by a mode-locked laser. Resultant peak excitation intensities are 106 times greater than the CW intensities used in confocal microscopy, but the pulse duty cycle of 10-5 maintains the average input power on the order of 10 mW, only slightly greater than the power normally used in confocal microscopy.

Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy in living systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 154-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Piston
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Singlet State ◽  
Excited Electronic State ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Simultaneous Absorption ◽  
Photon Excitation ◽  
Very High ◽  
Two Photon Excitation

Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy provides attractive advantages over confocal microscopy for three-dimensionally resolved fluorescence imaging. Two-photon excitation arises from the simultaneous absorption of two photons in a single quantitized event whose probability is proportional to the square of the instantaneous intensity. For example, two red photons can cause the transition to an excited electronic state normally reached by absorption in the ultraviolet. In our fluorescence experiments, the final excited state is the same singlet state that is populated during a conventional fluorescence experiment. Thus, the fluorophore exhibits the same emission properties (e.g. wavelength shifts, environmental sensitivity) used in typical biological microscopy studies. In practice, two-photon excitation is made possible by the very high local instantaneous intensity provided by a combination of diffraction-limited focusing of a single laser beam in the microscope and the temporal concentration of 100 femtosecond pulses generated by a mode-locked laser. Resultant peak excitation intensities are 106 times greater than the CW intensities used in confocal microscopy, but the pulse duty cycle of 10−5 maintains the average input power on the order of 10 mW, only slightly greater than the power normally used in confocal microscopy.

scholarly journals Wafer-scale low-loss lithium niobate photonic integrated circuits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Luke ◽  
Prashanta Kharel ◽  
Christian Reimer ◽  
Lingyan He ◽  
Marko Loncar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Photonic Integrated Circuits ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Wafer Scale

scholarly journals Perspectives on Advances in Quantum Dot Lasers and Integration with Si Photonic Integrated Circuits

ACS Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Shang ◽  
Yating Wan ◽  
Jennifer Selvidge ◽  
Eamonn Hughes ◽  
Robert Herrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Photonic Integrated Circuits ◽  
Quantum Dot Lasers

Two-Photon Excitation Imaging of Glucose Metabolism in Living Tissue

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 305-306
Author(s):  
David W. Piston
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Filter ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Focal Volume ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Photon Excitation ◽  
Two Photon Excitation

Two-photon excitation microscopy (TPEM) provides attractive advantages over confocal microscopy for three-dimensionally resolved fluorescence imaging and photochemistry. It provides three-dimensional resolution and eliminates background equivalent to an ideal confocal microscope without requiring a confocal spatial filter, whose absence enhances fluorescence collection efficiency. This results in inherent submicron optical sectioning by excitation alone. In practice, TPEM is made possible by the very high local instantaneous intensity provided by a combination of diffraction-limited focusing of a single laser beam in the microscope and the temporal concentration of 100 femtosecond pulses generated by a mode-locked laser. Resultant peak excitation intensities are 106 times greater than the CW intensities used in confocal microscopy, but the pulse duty cycle of 10−5 limits the average input power to less than 10 mW, only slightly greater than the power normally used in confocal microscopy. Because of the intensity-squared dependence of the two-photon absorption, the excitation is limited to the focal volume.

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