PUK8 Water: A Prevention Strategy to Decrease the Economic Burden of Recurrent Cystitis Among Women in the United States of America

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. S235
Author(s):  
J. Zemdegs ◽  
A. Iroz ◽  
M. Vecchio ◽  
S. Roze ◽  
Y. Lotan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prevention Strategy ◽  
Recurrent Cystitis

Economic burden of periodontitis in the United States of America and Europe – an updated estimation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Botelho ◽  
Vanessa Machado ◽  
Yago Leira ◽  
Luís Proença ◽  
Leandro Chambrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Economic Burden of Periodontal Disease in Europe and the United States of America – An updated forecast

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Botelho ◽  
Luís Proença ◽  
Yago Leira ◽  
Leandro Chambrone ◽  
José João Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Usa

AbstractIntroductionPeriodontal disease is a pandemic condition and its severe form affects approximately 10% of the global population. Here, we present a forecast for the economic burden of periodontal disease in 32 European countries and in the United States of America (USA).Material and methodsIn an aggregate population-based cost analysis, taken as reference the most recent available data, we estimated the cost of periodontal disease. Under this, global health, dental and periodontal expenditures were estimated. Additionally, indirect estimates accounted for Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) valued at per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP), to estimate productivity losses, including periodontal disease, edentulism due to periodontal disease and caries due to periodontal disease.ResultsIn 2018 the aggregate cost in Europe was estimated at €17.00B and €2.35B more in the USA (€19.35B). Indirect costs due to periodontal disease amounted to €132.52B in European countries and €103.30B in the USA. The majority of the projected indirect costs were due to edentulism related to periodontal disease and periodontal disease. Indirect costs were the major portion of the estimated economic impact with an average of 0.66% of GDP in Europe and 0.50% in the USA. For the overall costs (direct and indirect), the value amounted to 0.75% of GDP in Europe and 0.60% in the USA.ConclusionPeriodontal disease caused a €149.52B loss in Europe and €122.65B in the USA, in 2018. These results show that the economic burden of periodontal disease is increasing.CLINICAL RELEVANCEScientific rationale for the studyConsidering the pandemic pattern of periodontal diseases we present a forecast for the economic burden of periodontal disease in 32 European countries and in the United States of America (USA).Principal findingsPeriodontal disease caused a €149.52B loss in Europe and €122.65B in the USA, in 2018. For the overall costs (direct and indirect), the value amounted to 0.75% of GDP in Europe and 0.60% in the USA.Practical implicationsThese results show that the economic burden of periodontal disease is increasing.

Thinking About Scots Law

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Rodger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
The University

This article is the revised text of the first W A Wilson Memorial Lecture, given in the Playfair Library, Old College, in the University of Edinburgh, on 17 May 1995. It considers various visions of Scots law as a whole, arguing that it is now a system based as much upon case law and precedent as upon principle, and that its departure from the Civilian tradition in the nineteenth century was part of a general European trend. An additional factor shaping the attitudes of Scots lawyers from the later nineteenth century on was a tendency to see themselves as part of a larger Englishspeaking family of lawyers within the British Empire and the United States of America.

Off to a bad start: John Adams’s tussle over titles

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C Alexander
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Vice President ◽  
The United States ◽  
John Adams ◽  
The Press ◽  
First Session

From the first days, of the first session, of the first Congress of the United States, the Senate was consumed by an issue that would do immense and lasting political harm to the sitting vice president, John Adams. The issue was a seemingly unimportant one: titles. Adams had strong opinions on what constituted a proper title for important officers of government and, either because he was unconcerned or unaware of the damage it would cause, placed himself in the middle of the brewing dispute. Adams hoped the president would be referred to as, “His highness, the President of the United States of America, and Protector of the Rights of the Same.” The suggestion enraged many, amused some, and was supported by few. He lost the fight over titles and made fast enemies with several of the Senators he was constitutionally obligated to preside over. Adams was savaged in the press, derided in the Senate and denounced by one of his oldest and closest friends. Not simply an isolated incident of political tone-deafness, this event set the stage for the campaign against Adams as a monarchist and provided further proof of his being woefully out of touch.

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