scholarly journals Simulation of post volcanic eruption land use and economic recovery pathways over a period of 20 years in the Auckland region of New Zealand

2021 ◽  
pp. 107253
Author(s):  
Robert Cardwell ◽  
Garry McDonald ◽  
Liam Wotherspoon ◽  
Jan Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Auckland Region ◽  
Recovery Pathways

Linking Land Use Capability classes and APSIM to estimate pasture growth for regional land use planning

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Vogeler ◽  
Rogerio Cichota ◽  
Josef Beautrais
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Pastoral Systems ◽  
System Models ◽  
Farm System ◽  
The Impact

Investigation of land-use and management changes at regional scales require the linkage of farm-system models with land-resource information, which for pastoral systems includes forage supply. The New Zealand Land Resource Inventory (NZLRI) and associated Land Use Capability (LUC) database include estimates of the potential stock-carrying capacity across the country, which can be used to derive estimates of average annual pasture yields. Farm system models and decision support tools, however, require information on the seasonal patterns of pasture growth. To generate such pasture growth curves (PGCs), the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) was used, with generic soil profiles based on descriptions of LUC classes, to generate PGCs for three regions of New Zealand. Simulated annual pasture yields were similar to the estimates of annual potential pasture yield in the NZLRI spatial database, and they provided information on inter-annual variability. Simulated PGCs generally agreed well with measured long-term patterns of seasonal pasture growth. The approach can be used to obtain spatially discrete estimates of seasonal pasture growth patterns across New Zealand for use in farm system models and for assessing the impact of management practices and climate change on the regional sustainability.

scholarly journals Ecosystem Service Multifunctionality: Decline and Recovery Pathways in the Amazon and Chocó Lowland Rainforests

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Eguiguren ◽  
Tatiana Ojeda Luna ◽  
Bolier Torres ◽  
Melvin Lippe ◽  
Sven Günter
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Land Use Transition ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Successional Forests ◽  
Post Harvesting ◽  
Recovery Pathways ◽  
The Impact

The balance between the supply of multiple ecosystem services (ES) and the fulfillment of society demands is a challenge, especially in the tropics where different land use transition phases emerge. These phases are characterized by either a decline (from intact old-growth to logged forests) or a recovery of ES (successional forests, plantations, and agroforestry systems). This highlights the importance of ecosystem service multifunctionality (M) assessments across these land use transition phases as a basis for forest management and conservation. We analyzed synergies and trade-offs of ES to identify potential umbrella ES. We also evaluated the impact of logging activities in the decline of ES and M, and the influence of three recovery phases in the supply of ES and M. We installed 156 inventory plots (1600 m2) in the Ecuadorian Central Amazon and the Chocó. We estimated indicators for provisioning, regulating, supporting services and biodiversity. M indicator was estimated using the multifunctional average approach. Our results show that above-ground carbon stocks can be considered as an umbrella service as it presented high synergetic relations with M and various ES. We observed that logging activities caused a decline of 16–18% on M, with high impacts for timber volume and above-ground carbon stocks, calling for more sustainable practices with stricter post-harvesting control to avoid a higher depletion of ES and M. From the recovery phases it is evident that, successional forests offer the highest level of M, evidencing high potential to recover multiple ES after human disturbance.

scholarly journals Assessing the Eutrophic Susceptibility of New Zealand Estuaries

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 2015-2033 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Plew ◽  
John R. Zeldis ◽  
Bruce D. Dudley ◽  
Amy L. Whitehead ◽  
Leigh M. Stevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Intertidal Area ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

Abstract We developed a method to predict the susceptibility of New Zealand estuaries to eutrophication. This method predicts macroalgae and phytoplankton responses to potential nutrient concentrations and flushing times, obtained nationally from simple dilution models, a GIS land-use model and physical estuary properties. Macroalgal response was based on an empirically derived relationship between potential nitrogen concentrations and an established macroalgal index (EQR) and phytoplankton response using an analytical growth model. Intertidal area was used to determine which primary producer was likely to lead to eutrophic conditions within estuaries. We calculated the eutrophication susceptibility of 399 New Zealand estuaries and assigned them to susceptibility bands A (lowest expected impact) to D (highest expected impact). Twenty-seven percent of New Zealand estuaries have high or very high eutrophication susceptibilities (band C or D), mostly (63% of band C and D) due to macroalgae. The physical properties of estuaries strongly influence susceptibility to macroalgae or phytoplankton blooms, and estuaries with similar physical properties cluster spatially around New Zealand’s coasts. As a result, regional patterns in susceptibility are apparent due to a combination of estuary types and land use patterns. The few areas in New Zealand with consistently low estuary eutrophication susceptibilities are either undeveloped or have estuaries with short flushing times, low intertidal area and/or minimal tidal influx. Estuaries with conditions favourable for macroalgae are most at risk. Our approach provides estuary-integrated susceptibility scores likely to be of use as a regional or national screening tool to prioritise more in-depth estuary assessments, to evaluate likely responses to altered nutrient loading regimes and assist in developing management strategies for estuaries.

Effect of land use and moisture on phosphorus forms in upland stream beds in South Otago, New Zealand

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Stream Beds ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Bioavailability

Land use can influence stream sediment composition and water quality, whereas moisture status affects sediment phosphorus (P) bioavailability to algae. Declining upland surface-water quality in South Otago, New Zealand, may reflect land-use changes from sheep- to dairy-farming. I sampled sediment (0–20 cm) from streams draining 12 dairy- and 12 sheep-farmed catchments in spring (wet) and autumn (dry). 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and the EDTA-fractionation scheme were used to determine different P forms and infer P bioavailability. Significantly more P was present in the sediment of streams draining dairy- than sheep-farmed catchments. Total P did not differ with the moisture regime; however, changes occurred in the following P fractions: acid-soluble organic P, NaOH-P, CaCO3≈P, Fe(OOH)≈P and residual organic P. Extraction for 31P NMR analysis removed 78–85% of sediment total P and isolated five P classes. More bioavailable P such as orthophosphate (23–40% of P extracted) and diesters (2–6% of P extracted) was present in dry than in wet sediments, and in sediments draining dairy streams than in those from sheep-farmed catchments. This indicates substantial reserves of bioavailable P in sediment from these catchments, especially from dairy-farmed catchments, sustaining in-stream P concentrations for many years even without additional P input from land.

scholarly journals Preparing for Sea-Level Rise through Adaptive Managed Retreat of a New Zealand Stormwater and Wastewater Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Kool ◽  
Judy Lawrence ◽  
Martin Drews ◽  
Robert Bell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Adaptation Option ◽  
Levels Of Service ◽  
Over Time

Sea-level rise increasingly affects low-lying and exposed coastal communities due to climate change. These communities rely upon the delivery of stormwater and wastewater services which are often co-located underground in coastal areas. Due to sea-level rise and associated compounding climate-related hazards, managing these networks will progressively challenge local governments as climate change advances. Thus, responsible agencies must reconcile maintaining Levels of Service as the impacts of climate change worsen over the coming decades and beyond. A critical question is whether such networks can continue to be adapted/protected over time to retain Levels of Service, or whether eventual retreat may be the only viable adaptation option? If so, at what performance threshold? In this paper, we explore these questions for stormwater and wastewater, using a dynamic adaptive pathway planning (DAPP) approach designed to address thresholds and increasing risk over time. Involving key local stakeholders, we here use DAPP to identify thresholds for stormwater and wastewater services and retreat options, and for developing a comprehensive and area-specific retreat strategy comprising pathway portfolios, retreat phases, potential land use changes, and for exploring pathway conflicts and synergies. The result is a prototype for an area near Wellington, New Zealand, where a managed retreat of water infrastructure is being considered at some future juncture. Dynamic adaptive strategies for managed retreats can help to reduce future disruption from coastal flooding, signal land use changes early, inform maintenance, and allow for gradual budget adjustments by the agencies that can manage expenditure over time. We present this stepwise process in a pathway form that can be communicated spatially and visually, thereby making a retreat a more manageable, sequenced, adaptation option for water agencies, and the communities they serve.

Probabilistic tephra fall simulation for the Auckland Region, New Zealand

2006 ◽  
Vol 153 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 370-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Magill ◽  
A.W. Hurst ◽  
L.J. Hunter ◽  
R.J. Blong
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Tephra Fall ◽  
Auckland Region
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