scholarly journals The Independent Volcanic Eruption Source Parameter Archive (IVESPA, version 1.0): A new observational database to support explosive eruptive column model validation and development

2021 ◽  
pp. 107295
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Aubry ◽  
Samantha Engwell ◽  
Costanza Bonadonna ◽  
Guillaume Carazzo ◽  
Simona Scollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Validation ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Source Parameter ◽  
Column Model ◽  
Observational Database ◽  
Eruptive Column

Large-scale laboratory experiments on tsunamis generated by submarine volcanic eruptions in a wave basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yibin Liu ◽  
Hermann M. Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Explosive Eruptions ◽  
Wave Basin ◽  
Eruptive Column ◽  
Volcanic Tsunami ◽  
Underwater Camera

<p>Among the wide spectrum of volcanic tsunamis, the most devastating events have been caused by extremely explosive eruptions, pyroclastic flows and debris avalanches of underwater or near surface volcanos. The 2015 “orange” alert at the Kick ‘em Jenny submarine volcano in the Caribbean Sea highlighted the challenges in characterizing the tsunami waves for a potential submarine volcanic eruption. The 2018 Anak Krakatau eruption and flank collapse generated tsunami resulted in a near water surface setting of the volcanic vents similar to these laboratory experiments and relevant for the remaining and future tsunami hazards.</p><p>Source and runup scenarios are physically modeled using generalized Froude similarity in the three dimensional NHERI tsunami wave basin at Oregon State University. A novel volcanic tsunami generator (VTG) was deployed to study submarine volcanic eruptions with varying initial submergence and kinematics. The VTG consists of a telescopic eruptive column with an outer diameter of 1.2 m. The top cap of the pressurized eruptive column is accelerated vertically by eight synchronized 80 mm diameter pneumatic pistons with a stroke of 0.3 m. More than 300 experimental runs have been performed which include around 120 combinations of velocities and water depths. The variable eruption velocities of the VTG can mimic a wide range of processes ranging from relatively slow mud volcanoes and rapid explosive eruptions. The gravitational collapse of the eruptive column represents the potential engulfment and caldera formation. Water surface elevations and onshore runup are recorded by an array of resistance wave gauges and runup gauges. The VTG displacement is measured with an internal linear potentiometer and above and underwater camera recordings. Water surface reconstruction and kinematics are determined with a stereo particle image velocimetry (PIV) system. The water surface spike from the concentric collision of wave crest is observed under a limited range of Froude numbers. The energy conversion rates from the volcanic eruption to the wave train are quantified for various scenarios. Predictive equations of wave and spike characteristics are obtained and compared with existing linear and non-linear theories. The measured volcanic eruption and tsunami data serve to validate and advance three-dimensional numerical volcanic tsunami prediction models.</p>

scholarly journals Results of the eruptive column model inter-comparison study

2016 ◽  
Vol 326 ◽  
pp. 2-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Costa ◽  
Y.J. Suzuki ◽  
M. Cerminara ◽  
B.J. Devenish ◽  
T. Esposti Ongaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Study ◽  
Column Model ◽  
Eruptive Column

Hubungan Pengetahuan Tentang Manajemen Bencana Dengan Prevention Masyarakat Dalam Menghadapi Bencana Gunung Meletus Pada Kepala Keluarga Di Rt 06/Rw 01 Dusun Puncu Desa Puncu Kecamatan Puncu-Kediri

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Didit Damayanti ◽  
Pria Wahyu R.G ◽  
Muhanni’ah Muhanni’ah
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
Correlational Research ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Negative Impacts

Introduction: Disaster management is a dynamic, continual, and integrated process as to increase the qualities of the actions which are relevant to the process of observation and analysis of disaster as well as minimalizing the negative impacts, mitigation, readiness, early warning, immediate emergency, rehabilitation and reconstruction. The aim of this research is to analyse theconnection between disaster management and the prevention of community breakdown in order to face a volcanic eruption for every head of household. Method: The design of this research is correlational research with a cross sectional approach. The demographic group that is used for this research is the head of households in Rt 06/Rw 01 dusun Puncu desa Puncu, by using the purposive sampling technique which has been collected from the sampling of the 33 heads of households. Independent variable is the knowledge of disaster management, and the dependent variable is the prevention of community breakdown in the handling of the disaster. The data has been received by using the questionnaire, and the results have been analysed by using spearman rho test. Result:  As according to the statistics test, it is found that p-value= 0,000 on the significant level (α) = 0,05 and r = 0,752. It is concluded that there is a connection between knowledge and the prevention of community breakdown in handling of the volcanic eruption in Rt 06/Rw 01. This research shows that the level of knowledge within the community about disaster management and prevention in handling volcanic eruption has been increasing. Conclution: This is shown by the capability of the community in mitigating the effects of the disaster. It is hoped that the community will further engage in training education and simulation to reduce the negative impacts of a disaster. The location where the participants resideis Kelud Volcano, and it is therefore hoped that the communities are willing to participate in better handling of any disaster by joining the education training and simulation; Kata kunci : Pengetahuan, Manajemen bencana, Prevention.

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