The role of gastropod shell composition and microstructure in resisting dissolution caused by ocean acidification

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 105105
Author(s):  
Kristina M. Barclay ◽  
Murray K. Gingras ◽  
Stephen T. Packer ◽  
Lindsey R. Leighton
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Gastropod Shell ◽  
Shell Composition

scholarly journals A short history of ocean acidification science in the 20th century: a chemist's view

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 7411-7422 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chemical Knowledge ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Ph Scale ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This review covers the development of ocean acidification science, with an emphasis on the creation of ocean chemical knowledge, through the course of the 20th century. This begins with the creation of the pH scale by Sørensen in 1909 and ends with the widespread knowledge of the impact of the "High CO2 Ocean" by then well underway as the trajectory along the IPCC scenario pathways continues. By mid-century the massive role of the ocean in absorbing fossil fuel CO2 was known to specialists, but not appreciated by the greater scientific community. By the end of the century the trade-offs between the beneficial role of the ocean in absorbing some 90% of all heat created, and the accumulation of some 50% of all fossil fuel CO2 emitted, and the impacts on marine life were becoming more clear. This paper documents the evolution of knowledge throughout this period.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of static and fluctuating ocean acidification on the behavior of Amphiprion percula

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Vaughan ◽  
Danielle L. Dixson
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Amphiprion Percula ◽  
Behavioral Abnormalities ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Ground Truthing ◽  
Chemosensory Behavior ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCoral reef organisms are exposed to both an increasing magnitude of pCO2, and natural fluctuations on a diel scale. For coral reef fishes, one of the most profound effects of ocean acidification is the impact on ecologically important behaviors. Previous behavioral research has primarily been conducted under static pCO2 conditions and have recently come under criticism. Recent studies have provided evidence that the negative impacts on behavior may be reduced under more environmentally realistic, fluctuating conditions. We investigated the impact of both present and future day, static (500 and 1000 μatm) and diel fluctuating (500 ± 200 and 1000 ± 200 μatm) pCO2 on the lateralization and chemosensory behavior of juvenile anemonefish, Amphiprion percula. Our static experimental comparisons support previous findings that under elevated pCO2, fish become un-lateralized and lose the ability to discriminate olfactory cues. Diel-fluctuating pCO2 may aid in mitigating the severity of some behavioral abnormalities such as the chemosensory response, where a preference for predator cues was significantly reduced under a future diel-fluctuating pCO2 regime. This research aids in ground truthing earlier findings and contributes to our growing knowledge of the role of fluctuating conditions.

The coral reef-dwelling Peneroplis spp. shows calcification resilience to ocean acidification conditions - results from culture experiments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Charrieau ◽  
Katsunori Kimoto ◽  
Delphine Dissard ◽  
Beatrice Below ◽  
Kazuhiko Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Large Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Carbonate Ion ◽  
Short Period

<p>Ocean acidification is a consequence of current anthropogenic climate changes. The concomitant decrease in pH and carbonate ion concentration in sea water may have severe impacts on calcifying organisms. Coral reefs are among the first ecosystems recognized vulnerable to ocean acidification. Within coral reefs, large benthic foraminifera (LBF) are major calcium carbonate producers.</p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of varying pH on survival and calcification of the symbiont-bearing LBF species <em>Peneroplis</em> spp. We performed culture experiments to study their resistance to ocean acidification conditions, as well as their resilience once placed back under open ocean pH (7.9).</p><p>After three days, small signs of test decalcification were observed on specimens kept at pH 7.4, and severe test decalcification was observed on specimens kept at pH 6.9, with the inner organic lining clearly appearing. After 32 days under pH 7.4, similar strongly decalcified specimens were observed. All the specimens were alive at the end of the experiment. This result demonstrates the resistance of <em>Peneroplis </em>spp. to an acidified pH, at least on a short period of time.</p><p>After being partially decalcified, some of the living specimens were placed back at pH 7.9. After one month, the majority of the specimens showed recalcification features, mostly by addition of new chambers. The trace elements concentrations of the newly formed chambers were analysed by LA-ICPMS. Interestingly, more chambers were added when food was given, which highlights the crucial role of energy source in the recalcification process. Moreover, the newly formed chambers were most of the time abnormal, and the general structure of the tests was altered, with potential impacts on reproduction and in situ survival. In conclusion, if symbiont-bearing LBF show some resistance and resilience to lowered pH conditions, they will remain strongly affected by ocean acidification.</p>

scholarly journals Role of shell composition and morphology in achieving single-emitter photostability for green-emitting “giant” quantum dots

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 (12) ◽  
pp. 124713 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. McBride ◽  
Nimai Mishra ◽  
Sophia M. Click ◽  
Noah J. Orfield ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Shell Composition ◽  
Single Emitter

scholarly journals The role of ocean acidification in systemic carbonate mineral suppression in the Bering Sea

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (19) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy T. Mathis ◽  
Jessica N. Cross ◽  
Nicholas R. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Carbonate Mineral ◽  
The Bering Sea

scholarly journals The role of CO2variability and exposure time for biological impacts of ocean acidification

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (17) ◽  
pp. 4685-4688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Shaw ◽  
Philip L. Munday ◽  
Ben I. McNeil
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Biological Impacts

Sensitivity to ocean acidification differs between populations of the Sydney rock oyster: Role of filtration and ion-regulatory capacities

2018 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura S. Stapp ◽  
Laura M. Parker ◽  
Wayne A. O'Connor ◽  
Christian Bock ◽  
Pauline M. Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Rock Oyster

scholarly journals The Role of Temperature in Determining Species' Vulnerability to Ocean Acidification: A Case Study Using Mytilus galloprovincialis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e100353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy J. Kroeker ◽  
Brian Gaylord ◽  
Tessa M. Hill ◽  
Jessica D. Hosfelt ◽  
Seth H. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Species Vulnerability

34 Warming Waters and Souring Seas: Climate Change and Ocean Acidification

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephens Tim
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the impact of climate change and ocean acidification on the oceans and their implications for the international law of the sea. In particular, it assesses the implications of rising sea levels for territorial sea baselines, the seawards extent of maritime zones, and maritime boundaries. It also considers the restrictions placed by the UN Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) upon States in pursuing climate mitigation and adaptation policies, such as attempts to ‘engineer’ the global climate by artificially enhancing the capacity of the oceans to draw CO2 from the atmosphere. The chapter analyzes the role of the LOSC, alongside other treaty regimes, in addressing the serious threat of ocean acidification.

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