Microplastic pollution in the surface sediment of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Arctic

2021 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 112986
Author(s):  
Eswara Venkatesaperumal Ramasamy ◽  
Shini Sruthy ◽  
Ajay Kumar Harit ◽  
Mahesh Mohan ◽  
Mechirackal Balan Binish
Keyword(s):  
Surface Sediment

THE ABUNDANCE OF RECENT FORAMINIFERA IN SURFACE SEDIMENT OF AMBON BAY

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhartati M. Natsir
Keyword(s):  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Sediment Characteristic ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

Foraminifera are generally live in sea water with various sizes. These organisms consist of planktonic and benthic foraminifera. Geological activity on plutonic and volcanic with vomiting magma is transpiring on, and then affects sedimentation and foraminiferal abundance of Ambon Bay. The study was determined to study the abundance and distribution of foraminifera based on the sediment characteristic of Ambon Bay. Sample collected in 2007 of Ambon Bay showed that only 29 samples of 50 samples containing foraminifera. The collected sediments have 86 species of foraminifera, consisting 61 species of benthic foraminifera and 25 species of planktonic foraminifera. The dominant benthic foraminifera in the surface sediment of Ambon bay were Amphistegina lessonii, Ammoniabeccarii,Elphidium craticulatum,Operculina ammonoides and Quinqueloculina parkery. The planktonic foraminifera that were frequently collected from the bay were Globorotalia tumida, Globoquadrina pseudofoliata, Globigerinoides pseudofoliata, Globigerinoides cyclostomus dan Pulleniatina finalis. Generally, the species dwelled as abundant on substrate sand, whereas the areas within substrate mud have no foraminifera lie on them. Keywords: Foraminifera, Abundance, Sediment, Ambon Bay

Particle Size Effects on Concentration of Metals in Lake Erie Bottom Sediments

1984 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Mudroch
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Sediment Samples

Abstract Surface sediment samples obtained at the offshore and nearshore area of Lake Erie were separated into eight different size fractions ranging from <2 µm to 250 µm. The concentration of major elements (Si, Al, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Mn and P), metals (Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, V, Co and Pb) and organic matter was determined together with the mineralogical composition and morphology of the particles in each size fraction. The distribution of the metals in the offshore sediment was bimodal with the majority of the metals divided between the 63 to 250 um size fraction which also contained the highest concentration of organic matter (about 20%) and the <4 µm fraction containing up to 60% of clay minerals. However, the metals in the nearshore sediment were associated mainly with the clay minerals.

scholarly journals The Variation on Sediment Reworking with Influencing Factors by a Sand Bubbler Crab, Scopimera globosa, in Intertidal Sediments of the Anmyeon Island, Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5703
Author(s):  
Jaehwan Seo ◽  
Bon Joo Koo
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Intertidal Sediments ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
Sediment Reworking ◽  
Pellet Production ◽  
Crab Density ◽  
Annual Sediment

Though biological and ecological characteristics of Scopimera globosa have been intensively investigated, little has been understood on bioturbation, especially sediment reworking. This study was designed to evaluate variation on sediment reworking of S. globosa based on feeding pellet production (FP) and burrowing pellet production (BP) with influencing factors and estimating the chlorophyll content reduction within the surface sediment by its feeding. The FP and BP largely fluctuated according to chlorophyll a concentration and crab density, but both were not influenced by temperature. The FP was enhanced by chlorophyll a concentration, whereas both FP and BP were restricted by crab density. The daily individual production was highest in spring, followed by fall and summer, with values of 25.61, 20.70 and 3.90 g ind.−1 d−1, respectively, while the total daily production was highest in fall, followed by summer and spring 2150, 1660 and 660 g m−2 d−1, respectively. The daily sediment reworking based on the FP and BP of Scopimera was highest in fall, followed by summer and spring, with values of 1.91, 1.70 and 0.77 mm d-1 and the annual sediment reworking rate of this species was calculated 40 cm year−1 based on its density in this study area. The chlorophyll a reduction ratio was estimated from 11 to 24% in one day by its feeding. These results imply that the sediment reworking of S. globosa is regulated by food abundance and its density, and Scopimera is an important bioturbator, greatly influencing biogeochemical changes in the intertidal sediments.

scholarly journals Ecological Risk Assessment and Contamination History of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of Chagan Lake, Northeast China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 894
Author(s):  
Panfeng Liu ◽  
Chaojie Zheng ◽  
Meilan Wen ◽  
Xianrong Luo ◽  
Zhiqiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
210Pb Dating ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chagan Lake

The study deals with the spatio-temporal distribution of heavy metals in the sediments of Chagan lake, Northeast China. The pollution history of heavy metals is studied simultaneously through the 210Pb dating method by analyzing the characteristic of As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentration-depth profiles. The potential ecological risk index (RI) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were used to evaluate the contamination degree. Principal component analysis (PCA), based on the logarithmic transformation and isometric log-ratio (ilr) transformed data, was applied with the aim of identifying the sources of heavy metals. The element concentrations show that the heavy metals are enriched in the surface sediment and sediment core with a varying degree, which is higher in the surficial residue. The results of Igeo indicate that the Cd and Hg in the surface sediment have reached a slightly contaminated level while other elements, uncontaminated. The results of RI show that the study area can be classified as an area with moderate ecological risk in which Cd and Hg mostly contribute to the overall risk. For the sediment core, the 210Pb dating results accurately reflect the sedimentary history over 153 years. From two evaluation indices (RI and Igeo) calculated by element concentration, there is no contamination, and the potential ecological risk is low during this period. The comparative study between raw and ilr transformed data shows that the closure effect of the raw data can be eliminated by ilr transformation. After that, the components obtained by robust principal component analysis (RPCA) are more representative than those obtained by PCA, both based on ilr transformed dataset, after eliminating the influence of outliers. Based on ilr transformed data with RPCA, three primary sources could be inferred: Cr, Ni, As, Zn, and Cu are mainly derived from natural sources; the main source of Cd and Hg are associated with agricultural activities and energy development; as for Pb, it originated from traffic and coal-burning activities, which is consistent with the fact that the development of tourism, fishery, and agriculture industries has led to the continuous increasing levels of anthropogenic Pb in Chagan Lake. The summarized results and conclusions will undoubtedly enhance the governmental awareness of heavy metal pollution and facilitate appropriate pollution control measures in Chagan Lake.

The characterization and pollution status of the surface sediment in the Boka Kotorska Bay, Montenegro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Radomirović ◽  
Nevenka Mijatović ◽  
Milica Vasić ◽  
Bojan Tanaskovski ◽  
Milica Mandić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Pollution Status

scholarly journals Environmental Risk Assessment of Petroleum Activities in Surface Sediments, Suez Gulf, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Magda M. Abou El-Safa ◽  
Mohamed Gad ◽  
Ebrahem M. Eid ◽  
Ashwaq M. Alnemari ◽  
Mohammed H. Almarshadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Surf Zone ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Suez Gulf

The present study focuses on the risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems by evaluating the current situation of heavy metals in seven locations (North Amer El Bahry, Amer, Bakr, Ras Gharib, July Water Floud, Ras Shokeir, and El Marageen) along the Suez Gulf coast that are well-known representative sites for petroleum activities in Egypt. One hundred and forty-six samples of surface sediments were carefully collected from twenty-seven profiles in the intertidal and surf zone. The hydrochemical parameters, such as pH and salinity (S‰), were measured during sample collection. The mineralogy study was carried out by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and the concentrations of Al, Mn, Fe, Cr, Cu, Co, Zn, Cd, and Pb were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectra (ICP-MS). The ecological risks of heavy metals were assessed by applying the contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (RI). The mineralogical composition mainly comprised quartz, dolomites, calcite, and feldspars. The average concentrations of the detected heavy metals, in descending order, were Al > Fe > Mn > Cr > Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni > Co > Cd. A non-significant or negative relationship between the heavy metal concentration in the samples and their textural grain size characteristics was observed. The coastal surface sediment samples of the Suez Gulf contained lower concentrations of heavy metals than those published for other regions in the world with petroleum activities, except for Al, Mn, and Cr. The results for the CF, EF, and Igeo showed that Cd and Pb have severe enrichment in surface sediment and are derived from anthropogenic sources, while Al, Mn, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn originate from natural sources. By comparison, the PLI and RI results indicate that the North Amer El Bahry and July Water Floud are considered polluted areas due to their petroleum activities. The continuous monitoring and assessment of pollutants in the Suez Gulf will aid in the protection of the environment and the sustainability of resources.

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