A modified Skellam distribution used in MANET’s based on selfish node detection technique

The degree of packet dissemination among the mobile nodes of the network depends on the reliability of each individual mobile node attributed towards the benefits of the other interacting nodes in forwarding activity. However, the selfish intent of selfish nodes in the network reduces the performance in terms of packet forwarding rate. Thus, the influence of selfish intent in the network need to be minimized to the maximum level by introducing a predominant isolation process. In this paper, a Gwet Kappa Reliability Factor-based Selfish Node Detection Technique (GKRF-SNDT) scheme is proposed for superior detection of selfish nodes in the network. This proposed GKRF-SNDT scheme inherently derives the advantages of Gwet Kappa Reliability Factor for quantifying the degree of trust possessed by each mobile nodes interacting in the network. The experimental investigations of the proposed GKRF-SNDT scheme confirmed a superior throughput rate of 18% with reduced energy consumptions of 21% compared to the existing selfish intent isolation approaches.

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Bates Distribution Inspired Trust Factor-Based Selfish Node Detection Technique in Mobile Adhoc NETworks

Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience ◽

10.1166/jctn.2019.7778 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 609-615

Author(s):

A. Karthikayen ◽

Selvakumar S. Raja

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc ◽

Data Dissemination ◽

Detection Technique ◽

Mobile Nodes ◽

Selfish Behavior ◽

Data Packets ◽

Selfish Node ◽

Huge Data ◽

Multiple Levels ◽

Node Isolation

The trustworthiness of the mobile nodes is considered as the predominant parameter for ensuring significant data dissemination in the ad hoc network. However, the selfishness activity of the mobile nodes minimizes the trust of the mobile nodes by dropping a considerable number of data packets in the network. The significant dropping of data packets by the selfish node introduces huge data overhead with increased latency and energy consumptions by increasing the number of retransmissions. In this paper, a Bates Distribution Inspired Trust Factor-based Selfish Node Detection Technique (BDITF-SNDT) is proposed for predominant detection of selfish behavior by investigating multiple levels of factors that contribute towards effective selfishness detection. This proposed BDITF-SNDT approach is also potent in enhancing the detection rate of selfishness through the multi-perspective analysis of each monitored mobile nodes' forwarding characteristics towards the benefits of the other interacting mobile nodes. The simulation experiments and results of the proposed BDITF-SNDT approach is determined to be enhanced on an average by 16% and 14% superior to the compared selfish node isolation approaches existing in the literature.

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Clinical Application and Results of the Assessment of Coronary Blood Flow by the Regional Precordial Xenon Residue Detection Technique

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1620686 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 17 (04) ◽

pp. 161-171

Author(s):

H.-J. Engel ◽

H. Hundeshagen ◽

P. R. Lichtlen

Keyword(s):

Wall Motion ◽

High Flow ◽

Detection Technique ◽

Fatty Tissue ◽

Technical Aspects ◽

Residue Detection ◽

High Affinity ◽

Artery Disease ◽

The Right ◽

Drug Interventions

Methodological and technical aspects as well as application and results of the precordial Xenon-residue-detection technique are critically reviewed. The results concern mainly normal flow in various regions of the heart esp. in the free wall of the right and left ventricle, poststenotic flow in patients with coronary artery disease in relation to the degree of proximal nar-rowings as well as wall motion of the corresponding LV segment, bypassgraft flow and flow after drug interventions esp. nitrates, betablockers, the calcium-antagonist Nifedipine and the coronary dilator Dipyridamole. In spite of its serious limitations (high affinity of Xenon for fatty tissue, geometrical problems in the assessment of flow and its relation to anatomy, gas exchange in situations of high flow etc.), the technique is found to be a usefull investigatory tool. Due to its technical display and the related high costs routine application is, however, prohibitive.

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