Recycling of activated carbon filter backwash water using ultrafiltration: Membrane fouling caused by different dominant interfacial forces

2017 ◽  
Vol 544 ◽  
pp. 174-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Lin ◽  
Jianan Zhang ◽  
Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane ◽  
Interfacial Forces ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane Fouling ◽  
Activated Carbon Filter ◽  
Carbon Filter ◽  
Filter Backwash Water

Unravelling the critical mechanism by which pre-ozonation affects ultrafiltration membrane fouling via investigation of the relative size and interfacial forces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Miao ◽  
Xiaoyan Nie ◽  
Bingpeng Ma ◽  
Zihan Yang ◽  
Pei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane ◽  
Interfacial Forces ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane Fouling

To date, the influence of pre-ozonation on membrane fouling behaviour remains vague, and contradictory phenomena have been reported.

Biological Contamination Control of Activated Carbon Filter

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1123-1127
Author(s):  
Pei Chao Jian ◽  
Zhao Hui Zhang ◽  
Yu Feng Zhang ◽  
Qin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Ultrasound Treatment ◽  
Biological Contamination ◽  
Activated Carbon Filter ◽  
Carbon Filter

Activated carbon filter is often used as the pretreatment process of nanofiltration or reverse osmosis membrane system, especially when the content of organics and free chlorine in influent water is high. However, a lot of microorganisms often rapidly reproduce in the activated carbon filter after continuous operation, resulting in a large number of bacteria in the effluent. So when the activated carbon filter was used as pretreatment of membrane systems, membrane fouling caused by biological contamination often occurred. The objective of this paper was to discuss how to effectively control the activated carbon biological contamination. Three different control methods—water backwashing, hot alkali treatment and ultrasound treatment were compared. Results showed that ultrasound treatment was the most effective. A relatively high removal efficiency of biomass (above 90%) was obtained when 40 kHz ultrasound was applied at 90 W for 20 min. Bacterial count in the effluent can be decreased from 3.90×104CFU•mL-1 to 8.5×103CFU•mL-1. After 3 days of continuous operation, bacteria count increased from 8.5×103CFU•mL-1 to 4.06×104CFU•mL-1. After ultrasound treatment, the removal efficiency of CODCr increased from -386.3% to 73.8%.

scholarly journals Validation of chemotherapy drug vapor containment of an air cleaning closed-system drug transfer device

2021 ◽  
pp. 107815522110306
Author(s):  
Galit Levin ◽  
Paul JM Sessink
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Drug Transfer ◽  
Glass Vessel ◽  
Air Cleaning ◽  
No Release ◽  
Activated Carbon Filter ◽  
Carbon Filter ◽  
Transfer Device

Purpose The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of ChemfortTM, an air filtration closed-system drug transfer device to prevent release of chemotherapy drug vapors and aerosols under extreme conditions. The air cleaning system is based on the adsorption of drug vapors by an activated carbon filter in the Vial Adaptor before the air is released out of the drug vial. The functionality of the carbon filter was also tested at the end of device’s shelf life, and after a contact period with drug vapors for 7 days. Cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil were the chemotherapy drugs tested. Methods The Vial Adaptor was attached to a drug vial and both were placed in a glass vessel. A needle was punctured through the vessel stopper and the Vial Adaptor septum to allow nitrogen gas to flow into the vial and to exit the vial via the air filter into the glass vessel which was connected to a cold trap. Potential contaminated surfaces in the trap system were wiped or rinsed to collect the escaped drug. Samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results Cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil were detected on most surfaces inside the trap system for all Vial Adaptors without an activated carbon filter. Contamination did not differ between the Vial Adaptors with and without membrane filter indicating no effect of the membrane filter. The results show no release of either drug for the Vial Adaptors with an activated carbon filter even after 3 years of simulated aging and 7 days of exposure to drug vapors. Conclusions Validation of air cleaning CSTDs is important to secure vapor and aerosol containment of chemotherapy and other hazardous drugs. The presented test method has proven to be appropriate for the validation of ChemfortTM Vial Adaptors. No release of cyclophosphamide and 5- fluorouracil was found even for Vial Adaptors after 3 years of simulated aging and 7 days of exposure to drug vapors.

scholarly journals Reducing ultrafiltration membrane fouling during potable water reuse using pre-ozonation

2017 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Minkyu Park ◽  
Heng Liang ◽  
Shimin Wu ◽  
Israel J. Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane Fouling
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