Early gene Broad complex plays a key role in regulating the immune response triggered by ecdysone in the Malpighian tubules of Drosophila melanogaster

The Malpighian tubules of Drosophila melanogaster accumulate a great number of substances, many of which fluoresce. This paper is concerned with the identification of these substances by chromatography and their location by fluorescentmicroscopy (fig. 4, 5). It appears that they mainly belong to the following three groups: Pteridines, tryptophane and some of its metabolites, and riboflavine (tab. 1).The pattern of fluorescent substances of the eye color mutants cn, v, se, st, bw, ry, and w vary significantly. The patterns of these mutants are compared and discussed with that of the wild-type.

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Immune stimulation reduces sleep and memory ability in Drosophila melanogaster

10.7287/peerj.preprints.285v1 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Eamonn B Mallon ◽

Akram Alghamdi ◽

Robert T.K. Holdbrook ◽

Ezio Rosato

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Immune System ◽

Receptor Protein ◽

Immune Stimulation ◽

Night Sleep ◽

Conditioning Paradigm ◽

Memory Ability ◽

Neural Interactions ◽

Aversive Classical Conditioning

Psychoneuroimmunology studies the increasing number of connections between neurobiology, immunology and behaviour. We establish Drosophila melanogaster as a tractable model in this field by demonstrating the effects of the immune response on two fundamental behaviours: sleep and memory ability. We used the Geneswitch system to upregulate peptidoglycan receptor protein (PGRP) expression, thereby stimulating the immune system in the absence of infection. Geneswitch was activated by feeding the steroid RU486, to the flies. We used an aversive classical conditioning paradigm to quantify memory and measures of activity to infer sleep. Immune stimulated flies exhibited reduced levels of sleep, which could not be explained by a generalised increase in waking activity. The effects on sleep were more pronounced for day compared to night sleep. Immune stimulated flies also showed a reduction in memory abilities. These results establish Drosophila as a model for immune-neural interactions and suggest a possible role for sleep in the interplay between the immune response and memory.

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Analysis of Thioester-Containing Proteins during the Innate Immune Response of Drosophila melanogaster

Journal of Innate Immunity ◽

10.1159/000321554 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 52-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Richard Bou Aoun ◽

Charles Hetru ◽

Laurent Troxler ◽

Daniel Doucet ◽

Dominique Ferrandon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Innate Immune Response ◽

Innate Immune

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Novel aspects of the transport of organic anions by the malpighian tubules of Drosophila melanogaster

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.203.23.3575 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 203 (23) ◽

pp. 3575-3584 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

S.M. Linton ◽

M.J. O'Donnell

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Organic Acid ◽

Organic Anion ◽

Indigo Carmine ◽

Organic Anions ◽

Malpighian Tubules ◽

Principal Cells ◽

Anion Transporters ◽

Mode Of Transport

Para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) is a negatively charged organic ion that can pass across the epithelium of Malpighian tubules. Its mode of transport was studied in Malpighian tubules of Drosophila melanogaster. PAH transport was an active process, with a K(m) of 2. 74 mmol l(−)(1) and a V(max) of 88.8 pmol min(−)(1). Tubules had a low passive permeability to PAH, but PAH transport rates (832 nmol min(−)(1)mm(2)) and concentrative ability ([PAH](secreted fluid):[PAH](bath)=81.2) were the highest measured to date for insects. Competition experiments indicated that there were two organic anion transporters, one that transports carboxylate compounds, such as PAH and fluorescein, and another that transports sulphonates, such as amaranth and Indigo Carmine. PAH transport appears to be maximal in vivo because the rate of transport by isolated tubules is not increased when these are challenged with cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, leucokinin I or staurosporine. Basolateral PAH transport was inhibited by ouabain and dependent on the Na(+) gradient. The Malpighian tubules appeared not to possess an organic acid/ α -keto acid exchanger because PAH accumulation was not affected by low concentrations (100 μmol l(−)(1)) of α -keto acids (α -ketoglutarate, glutarate, citrate and succinate) or the activity of phosphokinase C. PAH transport may be directly coupled to the Na(+) gradient, perhaps via Na(+)/organic acid cotransport. Fluorescence microscopy showed that transport of the carboxylate fluorescein was confined to the principal cells of the main (secretory) segment and all the cells of the lower (reabsorptive) segment. Organic anions were transported across the cytoplasm of the principal cells both by diffusion and in vesicles. The accumulation of punctate fluorescence in the lumen is consistent with exocytosis of the cytoplasmic vesicles. Apical PAH transport was independent of the apical membrane potential and may not occur by an electrodiffusive mechanism.

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Development of Malpighian Tubules in Drosophila Melanogaster

The Kidney ◽

10.1016/b978-012722441-1/50004-x ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 7-17

Author(s):

Helen Skaer

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Malpighian Tubules

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Immune modulation by chronic exposure to waterpipe smoke and immediate-early gene regulation in murine lungs

Tobacco Control ◽

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-054965 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Suppl 2) ◽

pp. s80-s89 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hermes Reyes-Caballero ◽

Bongsoo Park ◽

Jeffrey Loube ◽

Ian Sanchez ◽

Vinesh Vinayachandran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Chronic Exposure ◽

Immune Modulation ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Transcriptomic Analysis ◽

Early Gene ◽

Immediate Early ◽

Acute Exposure ◽

Potential Biomarkers

ObjectiveWe investigated the effects of chronic waterpipe (WP) smoke on pulmonary function and immune response in a murine model using a research-grade WP and the effects of acute exposure on the regulation of immediate-early genes (IEGs).MethodsWP smoke was generated using three WP smoke puffing regimens based on the Beirut regimen. WP smoke samples generated under these puffing regimens were quantified for nicotine concentration. Mice were chronically exposed for 6 months followed by assessment of pulmonary function and airway inflammation. Transcriptomic analysis using RNAseq was conducted after acute exposure to characterise the IEG response. These biomarkers were then compared with those generated after exposure to dry smoke (without water added to the WP bowl).ResultsWe determined that nicotine composition in WP smoke ranged from 0.4 to 2.5 mg per puffing session. The lung immune response was sensitive to the incremental severity of chronic exposure, with modest decreases in airway inflammatory cells and chemokine levels compared with air-exposed controls. Pulmonary function was unmodified by chronic WP exposure. Acute WP exposure was found to activate the immune response and identified known and novel IEG as potential biomarkers of WP exposure.ConclusionChronic exposure to WP smoke leads to immune suppression without significant changes to pulmonary function. Transcriptomic analysis of the lung after acute exposure to WP smoke showed activation of the immune response and revealed IEGs that are common to WP and dry smoke, as well as pools of IEGs unique to each exposure, identifying potential biomarkers specific to WP exposure.

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