Corrigendum to “Increased DNA damage in children caused by passive smoking as assessed by comet assay and oxidative stress” [Mutation Research 629 (2007) 140–147]

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONP) are manufactured on a large scale and can be found in a variety of consumer products, such as sunscreens, lotions, paints and food additives. Few studies have been carried out on its genotoxic potential and related mechanisms in whole organisms. In the present study, the in vivo genotoxic activity of ZnONP and its bulk form was assayed using the wing-spot test and comet assay in Drosophila melanogaster. Additionally, a lipid peroxidation analysis using the thiobarbituric acid assay was also performed. Results obtained with the wing-spot test showed a lack of genotoxic activity of both ZnO forms. However, when both particle sizes were tested in the comet assay using larvae haemocytes, a significant increase in DNA damage was observed for ZnONP treatments but only at the higher dose applied. In addition, the lipid peroxidation assay showed significant malondialdehyde (MDA) induction for both ZnO forms, but the induction of MDA for ZnONP was higher for the ZnO bulk, suggesting that the observed DNA strand breaks could be induced by mediated oxidative stress. The overall data suggest that the potential genotoxicity of ZnONP in Drosophila can be considered weak according to the lack of mutagenic and recombinogenic effects and the induction of primary DNA damage only at high toxic doses of ZnONP. This study is the first assessing the genotoxic and oxidative stress potential of nano and bulk ZnO particles in Drosophila.

Download Full-text

The Protective Effect of Naringenin-Oxime on Cisplatin-Induced Toxicity in Rats

Biochemistry Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/9478958 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Ismail Koyuncu ◽

Abdurrahim Kocyigit ◽

Ataman Gonel ◽

Erkan Arslan ◽

Mustafa Durgun

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Stress Index ◽

Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

And Oxidative Stress

The aim of this study is to examine the protective effect of naringenin-oxime (NOX) on cisplatin-induced major organ toxicity and DNA damage in rats. Thirty-five male Wistar albino rats were equally split into five groups as follows: control (i.p., 0.1 ml of saline), Cis administration (i.p., 7 mg/kg b.w.), NOX treatment (i.p., 20 mg/kg b.w., daily for ten days), Cis + NOX20, and Cis + NOX40 combination (i.p., 20 and 40 mg/kg b.w., daily for ten days). Serum and peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBMC) were obtained from blood. Malondialdehyde, glutathione, total antioxidant and oxidant status, and catalase were measured in serum, liver, and kidney, and oxidative stress index was calculated. In parallel, paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were tested in liver and serum. We used 8-OHdOG as a marker for DNA damage in serum via ELISA and in PMBC via comet assay. Treatment with Cis elevated the levels of serum biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. Pretreatments of NOX restored biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in serum, renal, and liver tissues (p<0.01) and reduced 8-OHdG level, a finding further supported by comet assay in PBMC. Observations of the present study support the fact that treatment with NOX prevents Cis-induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and genotoxicity by restoring antioxidant system.

Download Full-text

Occupational Exposure in Industrial Painters: Sensitive and Noninvasive Biomarkers to Evaluate Early Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity and Oxidative Stress

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094645 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4645

Author(s):

Delia Cavallo ◽

Cinzia Lucia Ursini ◽

Anna Maria Fresegna ◽

Aureliano Ciervo ◽

Raffaele Maiello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Oxidative Dna Damage ◽

Complex Mixtures ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

Buccal Cells ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Noninvasive Biomarkers ◽

And Oxidative Stress

This study aimed to identify sensitive and noninvasive biomarkers of early cyto-genotoxic, oxidative and inflammatory effects for exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in shipyard painters. On 17 (11 spray and 6 roller) painters (previously characterized for VOCs exposure to toluene, xylenes, ethylbenzene, ethyl acetate) and on 18 controls, we performed buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay; Fpg-comet assay on lymphocytes; detection of urinary 8-oxoGua (8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine), 8-oxodGuo (8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine) and 8-oxoGuo (8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine), and cytokines release on serum. We found induction of cyto-genotoxicity by BMCyt assay and inflammatory effects (IL-6 and TNFα) in roller painters exposed to lower VOC concentrations than spray painters. In contrast, in both worker groups, we found direct and oxidative DNA damage by comet assay (with slightly higher oxidative DNA damage in roller) and significant increase of 8-oxoGuo and decrease of 8-oxodGuo and 8-oxoGua in respect to controls. The cyto-genotoxicity observed only on buccal cells of roller painters could be related to the task’s specificity and the different used protective equipment. Although limited by the small number of subjects, the study shows the usefulness of all the used biomarkers in the risk assessment of painters workers exposed to complex mixtures.

Download Full-text