Genotoxic and oxidative stress potential of nanosized and bulk zinc oxide particles in Drosophila melanogaster

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1987-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erico R Carmona ◽  
Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau ◽  
Laura Rubio ◽  
Ricard Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Spot Test ◽  
Genotoxic Activity ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONP) are manufactured on a large scale and can be found in a variety of consumer products, such as sunscreens, lotions, paints and food additives. Few studies have been carried out on its genotoxic potential and related mechanisms in whole organisms. In the present study, the in vivo genotoxic activity of ZnONP and its bulk form was assayed using the wing-spot test and comet assay in Drosophila melanogaster. Additionally, a lipid peroxidation analysis using the thiobarbituric acid assay was also performed. Results obtained with the wing-spot test showed a lack of genotoxic activity of both ZnO forms. However, when both particle sizes were tested in the comet assay using larvae haemocytes, a significant increase in DNA damage was observed for ZnONP treatments but only at the higher dose applied. In addition, the lipid peroxidation assay showed significant malondialdehyde (MDA) induction for both ZnO forms, but the induction of MDA for ZnONP was higher for the ZnO bulk, suggesting that the observed DNA strand breaks could be induced by mediated oxidative stress. The overall data suggest that the potential genotoxicity of ZnONP in Drosophila can be considered weak according to the lack of mutagenic and recombinogenic effects and the induction of primary DNA damage only at high toxic doses of ZnONP. This study is the first assessing the genotoxic and oxidative stress potential of nano and bulk ZnO particles in Drosophila.

scholarly journals The Protective Effect of Naringenin-Oxime on Cisplatin-Induced Toxicity in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Koyuncu ◽  
Abdurrahim Kocyigit ◽  
Ataman Gonel ◽  
Erkan Arslan ◽  
Mustafa Durgun
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The aim of this study is to examine the protective effect of naringenin-oxime (NOX) on cisplatin-induced major organ toxicity and DNA damage in rats. Thirty-five male Wistar albino rats were equally split into five groups as follows: control (i.p., 0.1 ml of saline), Cis administration (i.p., 7 mg/kg b.w.), NOX treatment (i.p., 20 mg/kg b.w., daily for ten days), Cis + NOX20, and Cis + NOX40 combination (i.p., 20 and 40 mg/kg b.w., daily for ten days). Serum and peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBMC) were obtained from blood. Malondialdehyde, glutathione, total antioxidant and oxidant status, and catalase were measured in serum, liver, and kidney, and oxidative stress index was calculated. In parallel, paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were tested in liver and serum. We used 8-OHdOG as a marker for DNA damage in serum via ELISA and in PMBC via comet assay. Treatment with Cis elevated the levels of serum biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. Pretreatments of NOX restored biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in serum, renal, and liver tissues (p<0.01) and reduced 8-OHdG level, a finding further supported by comet assay in PBMC. Observations of the present study support the fact that treatment with NOX prevents Cis-induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and genotoxicity by restoring antioxidant system.

Assessing genotoxicity of diuron on Drosophila melanogaster by the wing-spot test and the wing imaginal disk comet assay

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo I Peraza-Vega ◽  
América N Castañeda-Sortibrán ◽  
Mahara Valverde ◽  
Emilio Rojas ◽  
Rosario Rodríguez-Arnaiz
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Spot Test ◽  
Imaginal Disk ◽  
Response Effect ◽  
Wing Imaginal Disk ◽  
Dose Response Effect ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of the herbicide diuron in the wing-spot test and a novel wing imaginal disk comet assay in Drosophila melanogaster. The wing-spot test was performed with standard (ST) and high-bioactivation (HB) crosses after providing chronic 48 h treatment to third instar larvae. A positive dose–response effect was observed in both crosses, but statistically reduced spot frequencies were registered for the HB cross compared with the ST. This latter finding suggests that metabolism differences play an important role in the genotoxic effect of diuron. To verify diuron’s ability to produce DNA damage, a wing imaginal disk comet assay was performed after providing 24 h diuron treatment to ST and HB third instar larvae. DNA damage induced by the herbicide had a significantly positive dose–response effect even at very low concentrations in both strains. However, as noted for the wing-spot test, a significant difference between strains was not observed that could be related to the duration of exposure between both assays. A positive correlation between the comet assay and the wing-spot test was found with regard to diuron genotoxicity.

scholarly journals Occupational Exposure in Industrial Painters: Sensitive and Noninvasive Biomarkers to Evaluate Early Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity and Oxidative Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4645
Author(s):  
Delia Cavallo ◽  
Cinzia Lucia Ursini ◽  
Anna Maria Fresegna ◽  
Aureliano Ciervo ◽  
Raffaele Maiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Buccal Cells ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Noninvasive Biomarkers ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

This study aimed to identify sensitive and noninvasive biomarkers of early cyto-genotoxic, oxidative and inflammatory effects for exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in shipyard painters. On 17 (11 spray and 6 roller) painters (previously characterized for VOCs exposure to toluene, xylenes, ethylbenzene, ethyl acetate) and on 18 controls, we performed buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay; Fpg-comet assay on lymphocytes; detection of urinary 8-oxoGua (8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine), 8-oxodGuo (8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine) and 8-oxoGuo (8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine), and cytokines release on serum. We found induction of cyto-genotoxicity by BMCyt assay and inflammatory effects (IL-6 and TNFα) in roller painters exposed to lower VOC concentrations than spray painters. In contrast, in both worker groups, we found direct and oxidative DNA damage by comet assay (with slightly higher oxidative DNA damage in roller) and significant increase of 8-oxoGuo and decrease of 8-oxodGuo and 8-oxoGua in respect to controls. The cyto-genotoxicity observed only on buccal cells of roller painters could be related to the task’s specificity and the different used protective equipment. Although limited by the small number of subjects, the study shows the usefulness of all the used biomarkers in the risk assessment of painters workers exposed to complex mixtures.

Evaluation of oxidative stress and genotoxicity in organophosphorus insecticide formulators

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin Shadnia ◽  
Ebrahim Azizi ◽  
Rohollah Hosseini ◽  
Samideh Khoei ◽  
Shamileh Fouladdel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The aim of this study was to evaluate genotoxicity and oxidative stress in workers who formulate organophosphorus (OP) pesticides. In this survey, blood leukocytes and erythrocytes of a group of 21 pesticide formulating workers and an equal number of control subjects were examined for genotoxicity and oxidative stress parameters. The mean comet tail length and mean comet length were used to measure DNA damage. Lipid peroxidation level, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities in erythrocytes were analysed as biomarkers of oxidative stress. In addition, the acetylcholinesterase activity was measured as a biomarker of toxicity. The average duration of employment of workers in the factory was 97 months. Results indicated that chronic exposure (multiple5dose, greater than or equal to 6 months duration) to OP pesticides was associated with increased activities of catalase, SOD and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes. The level of lipid peroxidation and acetylcholinesterase activity did not show any significant differences between the two groups. The results also indicated that chronic exposure to OP pesticides was associated with increased DNA damage. It is concluded that human chronic exposure to OP pesticides may result in stimulated antioxidant enzymes and increased DNA damage in the absence of depressed acetylcholinesterase levels. Routine genotoxicity monitoring concomitant to acetylcholinesterase activity in workers occupationally exposed to OP insecticides is suggested.

scholarly journals Effect of methionine load on homocysteine levels, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in rats receiving ethanol

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alceu Afonso Jordao Júnior ◽  
Fernanda Aparecida Domenici ◽  
Renata Cristina Lataro ◽  
Guilherme Vannucchi Portari ◽  
Helio Vannucchi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Dna Protection ◽  
Oxidative Damage To Dna

Changes in the metabolism of methionine can cause hyperhomocysteinemia, inducing a triad of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and increased oxidative stress. The generation of free radicals and oxidative damage to DNA is important in the liver damage caused by ethanol. In this study, the effect of methionine overload associated or otherwise with acute administration of ethanol on homocysteine values, damage to DNA, lipoperoxidation and vitamin E was evaluated. Thirty rats were divided into 3 groups: Group Ethanol 24 hours (EG24), Group Methionine 24 hours (MG24), and Group Methionine and Ethanol 24 hours (MEG24). TBARS, vitamin E, GS and, homocysteine values were determined and the Comet assay was carried out. Increased GSH, vitamin E and homocysteine levels were observed for MEG24, and increased TBARS were observed in EG24. The Comet assay showed an increase in DNA damage in EG24 and DNA protection in MEG24. The administration of ethanol decreased antioxidant levels and increased TBARS, indicating the occurrence of oxidative stress with possible DNA damage. The combination of methionine and ethanol had a protective effect against the ethanol-induced damage, but increased the levels of homocysteine.

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