scholarly journals Recurrent limbic seizures do not cause hippocampal neuronal loss: A prolonged laboratory study

2021 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 105183
Author(s):  
Gary W. Mathern ◽  
Edward H. Bertram
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Limbic Seizures ◽  
Prolonged Laboratory

scholarly journals Developmental Hypothyroidism Increases the Expression of Kainate Receptors in the Hippocampus and the Sensitivity to Kainic Acid-Induced Seizures in the Rat

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (7) ◽  
pp. 3267-3276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Giné ◽  
Jose Angel Morales-Garcia ◽  
Ana Perez-Castillo ◽  
Angel Santos
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Kainic Acid ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Kainate Receptors ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Limbic Seizures ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Clear Increase ◽  
Normal Brain Development

Thyroid hormones are essential for normal brain development, and multiple alterations at behavioral, cognitive, cellular, and molecular levels have been described in animals made hypothyroid during development. Here we analyzed the effect of developmental hypothyroidism in the rat on the sensitivity to kainic acid-induced limbic seizures and the expression of kainate receptors in the hippocampus. Our results show that hypothyroid rats are extremely sensitive to the proconvulsant and neurotoxic effects of kainic acid (KA). Hypothyroid rats entered in status epilepticus at a dose of KA three times lower than that required to reach status epilepticus in control animals. In accordance with this, high levels of glial activation and neuronal loss after low KA dose injections were observed only in the hippocampus of hypothyroid rats. These effects correlated with an increased expression of kainate receptor subunits, excluding GluR5, in the hippocampus of hypothyroid animals. The concentrations of GluR6, GluR7, KAR1, and KAR2 (ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits of the kainic acid subtype) mRNAs were increased between 50 and 250% in hypothyroid animals relative to the values in controls. In agreement with these results, Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis showed a clear increase in the hippocampal content of GluR6/7 proteins in hypothyroid animals.

scholarly journals Cortical Neuronal Loss after Chronic Prenatal Hypoxia: A Comparative Laboratory Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Young Chung ◽  
Yong Hyun Jeon ◽  
Seok Won Kim
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Prenatal Hypoxia

Laboratory and in-situ analysis of comet dust

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 8-9
Author(s):  
D.E. Brownlee ◽  
A.L. Albee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Early Solar System ◽  
Cometary Material ◽  
Comet Dust

Comets are primitive, kilometer-sized bodies that formed in the outer regions of the solar system. Composed of ice and dust, comets are generally believed to be relic building blocks of the outer solar system that have been preserved at cryogenic temperatures since the formation of the Sun and planets. The analysis of cometary material is particularly important because the properties of cometary material provide direct information on the processes and environments that formed and influenced solid matter both in the early solar system and in the interstellar environments that preceded it.The first direct analyses of proven comet dust were made during the Soviet and European spacecraft encounters with Comet Halley in 1986. These missions carried time-of-flight mass spectrometers that measured mass spectra of individual micron and smaller particles. The Halley measurements were semi-quantitative but they showed that comet dust is a complex fine-grained mixture of silicates and organic material. A full understanding of comet dust will require detailed morphological, mineralogical, elemental and isotopic analysis at the finest possible scale. Electron microscopy and related microbeam techniques will play key roles in the analysis. The present and future of electron microscopy of comet samples involves laboratory study of micrometeorites collected in the stratosphere, in-situ SEM analysis of particles collected at a comet and laboratory study of samples collected from a comet and returned to the Earth for detailed study.

When Apologies for Injustice Matter

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
David De Cremer ◽  
Barbara C. Schouten
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fairness Perceptions ◽  
Organizational Survey ◽  
Experimental Laboratory

The present research examined the idea that the effectiveness of apologies on promoting fairness perceptions depends on how meaningful and sincere the apology is experienced. More precisely, it was predicted that apologies are more effective when they are communicated by an authority being respectful to others. A study using a cross-sectional organizational survey showed that an apology (relative to giving no apology) revealed higher fairness perceptions, but only so when the authority was respectful rather than disrespectful. In a subsequent experimental laboratory study the same interaction effect (as in Study 1) on fairness perceptions was found. In addition, a similar interaction effect also emerged on participants’ self-evaluations in terms of relational appreciation (i.e., feeling valued and likeable). Finally, these self-evaluations accounted (at least partly) for the interactive effect on fairness perceptions.

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