Influence of Industry 4.0 on Motives and Cultures in the Post-COVID-19 Era

As the challenge of big data impacts how we understand cultural differences, a motive-integrated model of culture is becoming an effective strategy to search for convergence by the fourth industrial revolution called Industry 4.0. This study examines the integration approach of Industry 4.0 in merging motives and cultures to efficiently produce COVID-19 vaccines. Structure equation modelling has been conducted on the data in 38 countries during the period of 2006-2021. Findings indicate that Industry 4.0 has merged achievement motive in reactive culture, power motive in multi-linear active culture, and affiliation motive in linear active culture. The three pairs of motive-cultures have enabled people to successfully produce COVID-19 vaccines 10 times faster than previous approaches for vaccines. To implement Industry 4.0, the reactive countries and multilinear active countries would enhance the achievement and power motives, but the linear active countries would decrease the affiliation motive.

Influence of Industry 4.0 on Asia

As the challenge of big data impacts how we understand cultural differences, a motive-integrated model of culture is becoming an effective strategy to study current culture divergence by the fourth industrial revolution called “Industry 4.0.” This study examines the impact of Industry 4.0 with COVID-19 vaccines on motives and cultures of the world and Asia in the post-COVID-19 era. Structure equation modelling has been conducted on the data in 38 countries during the period of 2006-2021. Findings indicate that Industry 4.0 has enhanced the achievement motive in the reactive culture and the power motive in the multi-linear culture, but it has decreased the affiliation motive in the linear active culture. In addition, Industry 4.0 has enhanced the gross domestic product per capita (GDP) in the linear active and reactive cultures, but it has decreased the GDP in the multi-linear cultures. Finally, Industry 4.0 has made the power and affiliation motives in Asia decrease, but it has increased the achievement motive in Asia.

Distinguishing the Explicit Power Motives

Power is an important motivator at work, particularly for leaders. However, power also relates to dark personality traits, which negatively affect employees and organizations. Therefore, we argue that a high explicit power motive is a double-edged sword depending on whether people desire power for dominance, prestige, or leadership. We explored these research questions in a cross-sectional ( N = 151 employees) and a prospective study ( N = 371 leaders). Both studies revealed that dominance is most strongly related to Machiavellianism and moderately to narcissism and psychopathy. Prestige related strongly to narcissism and weakly to Machiavellianism, while leadership only weakly related to narcissism. Dominance best predicted counterproductive work behavior (CWB), while leadership best-predicted organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). In addition, Study 2 showed that transformational and, to a lesser extent, transactional leadership styles mediated the relations between the three power motives with OCB and CWB, respectively. Thus, promoting transformational leadership might be a fruitful way of channeling leaders’ power motives into pro-social actions.

The ulna-to-fibula ratio as a marker of organizational hormone effects on the motivational brain: A high-powered preregistered replication

Objective: We aimed at replicating findings by Köllner and Bleck (2020) regarding their proposed new marker of pubertal organizational hormone effects (OHEs), the ulna-to-fibula ratio (UFR). We tested UFR’s sex-dimorphism, independence of body height, interrelationships with other markers, and relationships to the implicit power motive (nPower) and activity inhibition (AI).Method: Our pre-registered, cross-sectional, high-powered study (N = 250; 148 women; after exclusions) included the Picture-Story Exercise (nPower, AI) and anthropometry of ulna and fibula length, facial width and height, shoulder/waist/hip circumference, and 2D:4D digit ratio.Results: UFR was sex-dimorphic (d = 0.37; outliers excluded), independent of body height, and significantly associated with other possible markers of pubertal OHEs, including facial width-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, and shoulder-to-hip ratio. As predicted, a “sex-typical” (high for men, low for women) UFR was associated with the inhibited power motive (outliers excluded). Neither nPower’s sex-dimorphic relationship with UFR, nor the sex-dimorphic relationship of the inhibited power motive with UFR asymmetry (deemed unreliable and already omitted from the preregistration) reported by Köllner and Bleck (2020) were replicated. Conclusions: Our findings bolster UFR’s status as a marker of pubertal OHEs: It is sexually dimorphic, unrelated to body height, related to other markers, and shows sex-dimorphic associations with the inhibited power motive. In conjunction with findings by Schultheiss et al. (2019) for prenatal OHEs, there is also accumulating evidence for hormonal contributions to implicit motive development.

Seek What You Need

In Motive Disposition Theory, the affiliation motive describes our need to form mutually satisfying bonds, whereas the power motive is the wish to influence others. To understand how these social motives shape play experience, we explore their relationship to Self-Determination Theory and Flow Theory in League of Legends. We find that: higher intimacy motivation is associated with greater relatedness satisfaction, autonomy satisfaction, enjoyment, and the flow dimension of absorption; higher prosocial motivation with more effort invested and the flow dimension fluency of performance; and higher dominance motivation with lower relatedness satisfaction but higher competence satisfaction and increased flow in both dimensions. We demonstrate that in addition to being driven to satisfy universal needs, players also possess individualized needs that explain our underlying motives and ultimately shape our gaming preferences and experiences. Our results suggest that people do not merely gravitate towards need-supportive situations, but actively seek, change, and create situations based on their individualized motives.

Arousing Motives or Eliciting Stories? On the Role of Pictures in a Picture–Story Exercise

Picture–story exercises (PSE) form a popular measurement approach that has been widely used for the assessment of implicit motives. However, current theorizing offers two diverging perspectives on the role of pictures in PSEs: either to elicit stories or to arouse motives. In the current study, we tested these perspectives in an experimental design. We administered a PSE either with or without pictures. Results from N = 281 participants revealed that the experimental manipulation had a medium to large effect for the affiliation and power motive domains, but no effect for the achievement motive domain. We conclude that the herein chosen pictures cues function differentially across motives, as they aroused the affiliation and power motives, but not the achievement motive.