The ROC analysis reveals different motion sensitivity of neurons in area MT/MSTd during smooth pursuit

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. e72
Author(s):  
Kenichiro Miura ◽  
Naoko Inaba ◽  
Kenji Kawano
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Area Mt ◽  
Motion Sensitivity

Premorbid migraine history as a risk factor for vestibular and oculomotor baseline concussion assessment in pediatric athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan N. Moran ◽  
Tracey Covassin ◽  
Jessica Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Motion Sensitivity ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Vestibular Ocular Reflex ◽  
History Of

OBJECTIVEMigraine history has recently been identified as a risk factor for concussion and recovery. The authors performed a cross-sectional study examining baseline outcome measures on newly developed and implemented concussion assessment tools in pediatrics. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of premorbid, diagnosed migraine headaches as a risk factor on vestibular and oculomotor baseline assessment in pediatric athletes.METHODSPediatric athletes between the ages of 8 and 14 years with a diagnosed history of migraine headache (n = 28) and matched controls without a history of diagnosed migraine headache (n = 28) were administered a baseline concussion assessment battery, consisting of the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS), near point of convergence (NPC), and the King-Devick (K-D) tests. Between-groups comparisons were performed for vestibular symptoms and provocation scores on the VOMS (smooth pursuit, saccades, convergence, vestibular/ocular reflex, visual motion sensitivity), NPC (average distance), and K-D (time).RESULTSIndividuals diagnosed with migraine headaches reported greater VOMS smooth pursuit scores (p = 0.02), convergence scores (p = 0.04), vestibular ocular reflex scores (p value range 0.002–0.04), and visual motion sensitivity scores (p = 0.009). Differences were also observed on K-D oculomotor performance with worse times in those diagnosed with migraine headache (p = 0.02). No differences were reported on NPC distance (p = 0.06) or headache symptom reporting (p = 0.07) prior to the VOMS assessment.CONCLUSIONSPediatric athletes diagnosed with migraine headaches reported higher baseline symptom provocation scores on the VOMS. Athletes with migraine headaches also performed worse on the K-D test, further illustrating the influence of premorbid migraine headaches as a risk factor for elevated concussion assessment outcomes at baseline. Special consideration may be warranted for post-concussion assessment in athletes with migraine headaches.

scholarly journals Eye Movement Abnormalities in Major Depressive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Takahashi ◽  
Yoji Hirano ◽  
Kenichiro Miura ◽  
Kentaro Morita ◽  
Michiko Fujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Free Viewing ◽  
Saccade Velocity ◽  
Fixation Stability

Background: Despite their high lifetime prevalence, major depressive disorder (MDD) is often difficult to diagnose, and there is a need for useful biomarkers for the diagnosis of MDD. Eye movements are considered a non-invasive potential biomarker for the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. However, eye movement deficits in MDD remain unclear. Thus, we evaluated detailed eye movement measurements to validate its usefulness as a biomarker in MDD.Methods: Eye movements were recorded from 37 patients with MDD and 400 healthy controls (HCs) using the same system at five University hospitals. We administered free-viewing, fixation stability, and smooth pursuit tests, and obtained 35 eye movement measurements. We performed analyses of covariance with group as an independent variable and age as a covariate. In 4 out of 35 measurements with significant group-by-age interactions, we evaluated aging effects. Discriminant analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were conducted.Results: In the free-viewing test, scanpath length was significantly shorter in MDD (p = 4.2 × 10−3). In the smooth pursuit test, duration of saccades was significantly shorter and peak saccade velocity was significantly lower in MDD (p = 3.7 × 10−3, p = 3.9 × 10−3, respectively). In the fixation stability test, there were no significant group differences. There were significant group differences in the older cohort, but not in the younger cohort, for the number of fixations, duration of fixation, number of saccades, and fixation density in the free-viewing test. A discriminant analysis using scanpath length in the free-viewing test and peak saccade velocity in the smooth pursuit showed MDD could be distinguished from HCs with 72.1% accuracy. In the ROC analysis, the area under the curve was 0.76 (standard error = 0.05, p = 1.2 × 10−7, 95% confidence interval = 0.67–0.85).Conclusion: These results suggest that detailed eye movement tests can assist in differentiating MDD from HCs, especially in older subjects.

A relationship between behavioral choice and the visual responses of neurons in macaque MT

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Britten ◽  
W. T. Newsome ◽  
M. N. Shadlen ◽  
S. Celebrini ◽  
J. A. Movshon
Keyword(s):  
Visual Motion ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Stimulus Motion ◽  
Area Mt ◽  
Motion Sensitivity ◽  
Behavioral Choice ◽  
Mt Neurons ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWe have previously documented the exquisite motion sensitivity of neurons in extrastriate area MT by studying the relationship between their responses and the direction and strength of visual motion signals delivered to their receptive fields. These results suggested that MT neurons might provide the signals supporting behavioral choice in visual discrimination tasks. To approach this question from another direction, we have now studied the relationship between the discharge of MT neurons and behavioral choice, independently of the effects of visual stimulation. We found that trial-to-trial variability in neuronal signals was correlated with the choices the monkey made. Therefore, when a directionally selective neuron in area MT fires more vigorously, the monkey is more likely to make a decision in favor of the preferred direction of the cell. The magnitude of the relationship was modest, on average, but was highly significant across a sample of 299 cells from four monkeys. The relationship was present for all stimuli (including those without a net motion signal), and for all but the weakest responses. The relationship was reduced or eliminated when the demands of the task were changed so that the directional signal carried by the cell was less informative. The relationship was evident within 50 ms of response onset, and persisted throughout the stimulus presentation. On average, neurons that were more sensitive to weak motion signals had a stronger relationship to behavior than those that were less sensitive. These observations are consistent with the idea that neuronal signals in MT are used by the monkey to determine the direction of stimulus motion. The modest relationship between behavioral choice and the discharge of any one neuron, and the prevalence of the relationship across the population, make it likely that signals from many neurons are pooled to form the data on which behavioral choices are based.

scholarly journals Influence of Pre-Morbid Migraine History on Baseline Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening and King-Devick Test Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-743
Author(s):  
R N Moran ◽  
J Wallace ◽  
T Covassin
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ocular Motor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Motion Sensitivity ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Migraine Headaches

Abstract Purpose To examine the effects of premorbid migraine history on baseline Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) and King-Devick (KD) test performance in youth athletes. Methods This study implemented a cross-sectional design and was conducted at a series of youth sport venues in a designated research area. Youth athletes between the ages of 8 and 14 years with a diagnosed history of migraine headaches (n=28) and match controls (n=28) were administered a baseline VOMS and KD test. Between-group comparisons for provocation scores on the VOMS (smooth pursuit, saccades, convergence, vestibular-ocular reflex [VOR], and visual motion sensitivity [VMS]), Near-point of convergence [NPC] average distance (cm), and KD time (seconds) were conducted. Results Individuals diagnosed with migraine headaches reported greater VOMS scores compared to match controls on smooth pursuit (0.43±1.1 vs. 0.00±0.0; p=.02), convergence (0.46±1.2 vs. 0.04±0.1; p=.04), horizontal VOR (0.89±1.4 vs. 0.07±0.2; p<.001), vertical VOR (0.61±1.1 vs. 0.11±0.3; p=.04), and VMS (0.86±1.5 vs. 0.04±0.1; p=.01). Differences were also observed on the KD test with worse times in the diagnosed migraine group (54.33±11.8s) compared to match controls (47.17±8.9s; p=.02). No differences were reported on NPC distance between the migraine (2.22±3.1cm) and control group (0.83±1.2; p=.06). Conclusion Youth athletes with diagnosed migraine history reported higher baseline VOMS scores and worse KD time compared to match controls, further illustrating the influence of premorbid migraine headaches as a risk factor for elevated baseline concussion assessment. Special consideration may be warranted for post-concussion assessment in athletes with diagnosed migraine headaches.

scholarly journals Dynamic perspective as a proxy for smooth pursuit in coding depth sign from Motion parallax in area MT

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 16-16
Author(s):  
H.-G. R. Kim ◽  
D. E. Angelaki ◽  
G. C. DeAngelis
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Motion Parallax ◽  
Area Mt ◽  
Dynamic Perspective

scholarly journals Altered Sensitivity to Motion of Area MT Neurons Following Long-Term V1 Lesions

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen A Hagan ◽  
Tristan A Chaplin ◽  
Krystel R Huxlin ◽  
Marcello G P Rosa ◽  
Leo L Lui
Keyword(s):  
Neural Responses ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Area Mt ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
Motion Sensitivity ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Mt Neurons ◽  
Residual Motion ◽  
Altered Sensitivity

Abstract Primates with primary visual cortex (V1) damage often retain residual motion sensitivity, which is hypothesized to be mediated by middle temporal area (MT). MT neurons continue to respond to stimuli shortly after V1 lesions; however, experimental and clinical studies of lesion-induced plasticity have shown that lesion effects can take several months to stabilize. It is unknown what physiological changes occur in MT and whether neural responses persist long after V1 damage. We recorded neuronal responses in MT to moving dot patterns in adult marmoset monkeys 6–12 months after unilateral V1 lesions. In contrast to results obtained shortly after V1 lesions, we found that fewer MT neurons were direction selective, including neurons expected to still receive projections from remaining parts of V1. The firing rates of most cells increased with increases in motion strength, regardless of stimulus direction. Furthermore, firing rates were higher and more variable than in control MT cells. To test whether these observations could be mechanistically explained by underlying changes in neural circuitry, we created a network model of MT. We found that a local imbalance of inhibition and excitation explained the observed firing rate changes. These results provide the first insights into functional implications of long-term plasticity in MT following V1 lesions.

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