Feed efficiency, food choice, and food reward behaviors in young and old Fischer rats

It is posed that protein intake is tightly regulated by the human body. The role of sensory qualities in the satiating effects of protein, however, requires further clarification. Our objective was to determine the effect of within-meal protein content and taste on subsequent food choice and satiety. We used a cross-over design whereby sixty healthy, unrestrained subjects (twenty-three males and thirty-seven females) with a mean age of 20·8 (sd 2·1) years and a mean BMI of 21·5 (sd 1·6) kg/m2 were offered one of four isoenergetic preloads (rice meal) for lunch: two low in protein (about 7 % energy derived from protein) and two high in protein (about 25 % energy from protein). Both had a sweet and savoury version. At 30 min after preload consumption, subjects were offered an ad libitum buffet, consisting of food products differing in protein content (low/high) and taste (sweet/savoury). In addition, the computerised Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire (LFPQ) was run to assess several components of food reward. The results showed no effect of protein content of the preloads on subsequent food choice. There was an effect of taste; after eating the savoury preloads, choice and intake of sweet products were higher than of savoury products. No such preference was seen after the sweet preloads. No differences in satiety were observed. To conclude, within one eating episode, within-meal protein content in these quantities seems not to have an effect on subsequent food choice. This appears to be mostly determined by taste, whereby savoury taste exerts the strongest modulating effect. The results of the LFPQ provided insight into underlying processes.

Download Full-text

Food Reward and Food Choice. An Inquiry Through The Liking and Wanting Model

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12030639 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 639 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Almudena Recio-Román ◽

Manuel Recio-Menéndez ◽

María Victoria Román-González

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Eating Behavior ◽

Food Choice ◽

Food Reward ◽

Food Choices ◽

Reward Systems ◽

Conceptual Approach ◽

Differential Effects ◽

Caloric Consumption ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

What if consumers are getting obese because eating less calories is more difficult for persons that have a higher pleasure and desire towards food (Ikeda et al., 2005) and food companies do not help given only a two extreme option choice to satisfy their needs (i.e., low calories vs. high calories or healthy vs. unhealthy)? Reward systems are being described with a new conceptual approach where liking—the pleasure derived from eating a given food—and wanting—motivational value, desire, or craving—can be seen as the significant forces guiding eating behavior. Our work shows that pleasure (liking), desire (wanting), and the interaction between them influence and are good predictors of food choice and food intake. Reward responses to food are closely linked to food choice, inducing to caloric overconsumption. Based on the responses given to a self-administered questionnaire measuring liking and wanting attitudes, we found three different segments named ‘Reward lovers,’ ‘Half epicurious,’ and ‘Non indulgents’. Their behavior when choosing food is quite different. Results show differential effects on caloric consumption depending on segments. The introduction of more food choices that try to balance their content is a win-win strategy for consumers, companies, and society.

Download Full-text

The Impact of Default Options and Reinforcement Ratios on Food Choice

10.31234/osf.io/puv6q ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Katherine Schaumberg ◽

Erin Elizabeth Reilly ◽

Sasha Gorrell ◽

Drew Anderson ◽

Lisa Anderson

Keyword(s):

Food Choice ◽

Food Reward ◽

Computer Game ◽

Reinforcement Ratio ◽

Snack Food ◽

Behavioral Economic ◽

Dietary Choices ◽

Economic Paradigm ◽

Default Options ◽

The Impact

Individuals engage in a variety of dietary choices each day that affect their overall health. Determining what variables might influence food choice can provide useful information to assist people in making healthier decisions. The current studies utilized a behavioral economic paradigm to evaluate patterns in food choice as default food options changed. Study 1 evaluated participants’ persistence at a computer game task when working for a preferred snack food as the reinforcement ratio for this food increases across six trials. Default food presented also varied across trials. Study 2 replicated the first study under conditions of caloric deprivation (after a 24-hour fast). Results indicate that manipulation of environmental variables were successful in shifting participant’s efforts to obtain a food reward. Individuals were less likely to work towards their most preferred food as the reinforcement ratio increased. Furthermore, the default food option on each trial produced a significant effect on time spent working for a more or less preferred food. Finally, level of dietary restraint predicted persistence for preferred food after fasting. Overall, findings add to a growing body of evidence that highlight the importance of environmental manipulations such as default options in everyday decision making.

Download Full-text

Energy depletion by 24-h fast leads to compensatory appetite responses compared with matched energy depletion by exercise in healthy young males

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114518001873 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 120 (5) ◽

pp. 583-592 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

David Thivel ◽

Graham Finlayson ◽

Maud Miguet ◽

Bruno Pereira ◽

Martine Duclos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Food Choice ◽

Food Reward ◽

Food Preferences ◽

Intermittent Fasting ◽

Energy Depletion ◽

Young Males ◽

Exercise Condition ◽

Daily Energy ◽

Ad Libitum

AbstractAlthough there is a growing interest for the effects of intermittent fasting on energy balance, this study aimed to compare appetite, energy intake and food reward responses with an energy depletion induced either by 24-h food restriction or an equivalent deficit with exercise in healthy males. In all, twelve healthy lean males (21·5 (sd 0·5) years old; BMI: 22·5 (sd 1·7) kg/m2) participated in this study. Body composition, aerobic capacity, food preferences and energy intake were assessed. They randomly completed three conditions: (i) no depletion (CON); (ii) full 24-h energy restrictions (Def-EI); and (iii) exercise condition (Def-EX). Ad libitum energy intake and food reward were assessed at the end of each session. Appetite feelings were assessed regularly. Ad libitum energy intake was higher on Def-EI (7330 (sd 2975) kJ (1752 (sd 711) kcal) compared with that on CON (5301 (sd 1205) kJ (1267 (sd 288) kcal)) (P<0·05), with no difference between CON and Def-EX (6238 (sd 1741) kJ (1491 (sd 416) kcal) (P=0·38) and between Def-EX and Def-EI (P=0·22). There was no difference in the percent energy ingested from macronutrients. Hunger was lower on CON and Def-EX compared with Def-EI (P<0·001). Satiety was higher on CON and Def-EI compared with that on Def-EX (P<0·001). There was a significant interaction condition × time for food choice fat bias (P=0·04), showing a greater preference for high-fat v. low-fat food during Def-EI and Def-EX. Although 24-h fasting leads to increased energy intake at the following test meal (without total daily energy intake difference), increased hunger profile and decreased post-meal food choice fat bias, such nutritional responses are not observed after a similar deficit induced by exercise.

Download Full-text

Fine Structural Alterations in Thyroid Follicular Cells (FC) and Changes in Serum Thyroxine Produced by Feeding Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) to Rats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100079929 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 498-499

Author(s):

W.T. Collins ◽

Charles C. Capen ◽

Louis Kasza

Keyword(s):

Feed Efficiency ◽

Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽

Serum Proteins ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Hepatic Necrosis ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Lymphoid Tissues ◽

Heat Transfer Fluids ◽

Thyroid Follicular Cells ◽

Peripheral Metabolism

The widespread contamination of the environment with PCB, a compound used extensively by industry in hydraulic and heat transfer fluids as well as plasticizers and solvents in adhesives and sealants, has resulted in detectable tissue levels in a large portion of the human population, domestic animals, and wildlife. Intoxication with PCB produces severe hepatic necrosis, degeneration of lymphoid tissues and kidney, skin lesions, decreased reproductive performance, reduced feed efficiency, and decreased weight gain. PCB also has been reported to reduce the binding of thyroid hormone to serum proteins and enhance the peripheral metabolism of thyroxine with increased excretion of thyroxine-glucuronide in the bile (Bastomsky, Endocrinology 95: 1150-1155, 1974).The objectives of this investigation were (1) to investigate the histopathologic, histochemical, and ultrastructural changes in thyroid FC produced by the acute (4 week) and chronic (12 week) administration of low (50 ppm) and high (500 ppm) doses of PCB to rats, (2) to correlate these alterations to changes in serum immunoreactive thyroxine concentration, and (3) to investigate the persistence of the effects of PCB on the thyroid gland.

Download Full-text

Reactivity of Pulmonary Alveolar Cells to Crocidolite Asbestos Fibers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100054285 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 334-335

Author(s):

Charles L. Sanders ◽

Roy R. Adee

Keyword(s):

Osmium Tetroxide ◽

Intratracheal Instillation ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Fiber Suspension ◽

Nacl Solution ◽

Alveolar Cells ◽

Asbestos Fibers ◽

Fischer Rats ◽

Mineral Silicates

Asbestos is a generic name for a group of hydrated mineral silicates that occur naturally in a fibrous form. The early interactions of asbestos fibers with alveolar cells in large part determines their long-term toxicity. Young adult, SPF, Fischer rats were given a single intratracheal instillation of 2 mg crocidolite asbestos suspended in 0.5 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution. About 80% of the fibers had lengths of less than 10 ym as measured on light micrographs of the fiber suspension. Two rats were killed at 3 hr, 1 d and 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 wk after instillation and the lungs instilled with 8 ml McDowell - Trumps at 20 cm H2O. Lung tissue was dehydrated and sputtered coated with palladium-gold for SEM or post-fixed in osmium tetroxide, embedded in epoxy resin and sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate for TEM.

Download Full-text