Attention does not modulate neural responses to social stimuli in autism spectrum disorders

NeuroImage ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1614-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Bird ◽  
Caroline Catmur ◽  
Giorgia Silani ◽  
Chris Frith ◽  
Uta Frith
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals Difference in Visual Social Predispositions Between Newborns at Low- and High-risk for Autism

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Di Giorgio ◽  
◽  
Elisa Frasnelli ◽  
Orsola Rosa Salva ◽  
Maria Luisa Scattoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
Visual Preferences ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
First Time

Abstract Some key behavioural traits of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have been hypothesized to be due to impairments in the early activation of subcortical orienting mechanisms, which in typical development bias newborns to orient to relevant social visual stimuli. A challenge to testing this hypothesis is that autism is usually not diagnosed until a child is at least 3 years old. Here, we circumvented this difficulty by studying for the very first time, the predispositions to pay attention to social stimuli in newborns with a high familial risk of autism. Results showed that visual preferences to social stimuli strikingly differed between high-risk and low-risk newborns. Significant predictors for high-risk newborns were obtained and an accurate biomarker was identified. The results revealed early behavioural characteristics of newborns with familial risk for ASD, allowing for a prospective approach to the emergence of autism in early infancy.

The Valency of Music Has Different Effects on the Emotional Responses of Those with Autism Spectrum Disorders and a Comparison Group

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Kopec ◽  
Ashleigh Hillier ◽  
Alice Frye
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
Emotional Recognition ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Study Participants

Emotion perception deficits are commonly observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Numerous studies have documented deficits in emotional recognition of social stimuli among those with ASD, such as faces and voices, while far fewer have investigated emotional recognition of nonsocial stimuli in this population. In this study, participants with ASD and a comparison group of typically developing (TD) control participants listened to song clips that varied in levels of pleasantness (valence) and arousal. Participants then rated emotions they felt or perceived in the music, using a list of eight emotion words for each song. Results showed that individuals with ASD gave significantly lower ratings of negative emotions in both the felt and perceived categories compared to TD controls, but did not show significant differences in ratings of positive emotions. These findings suggest that deficits in processing emotions in music among those with ASD may be valence specific.

scholarly journals The eye-tracking of social stimuli in patients with Rett syndrome and autism spectrum disorders: a pilot study

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 402-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Salomão Schwartzman ◽  
Renata de Lima Velloso ◽  
Maria Eloísa Famá D’Antino ◽  
Silvana Santos
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Visual Fixation ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Human Faces ◽  
Age Range

Objective To compare visual fixation at social stimuli in Rett syndrome (RT) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) patients. Method Visual fixation at social stimuli was analyzed in 14 RS female patients (age range 4-30 years), 11 ASD male patients (age range 4-20 years), and 17 children with typical development (TD). Patients were exposed to three different pictures (two of human faces and one with social and non-social stimuli) presented for 8 seconds each on the screen of a computer attached to an eye-tracker equipment. Results Percentage of visual fixation at social stimuli was significantly higher in the RS group compared to ASD and even to TD groups. Conclusion Visual fixation at social stimuli seems to be one more endophenotype making RS to be very different from ASD.

Disfluency Characteristics Observed in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Preliminary Report

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura W. Plexico ◽  
Julie E. Cleary ◽  
Ashlynn McAlpine ◽  
Allison M. Plumb
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Young Children With Autism ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Developmental Stuttering

This descriptive study evaluates the speech disfluencies of 8 verbal children between 3 and 5 years of age with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Speech samples were collected for each child during standardized interactions. Percentage and types of disfluencies observed during speech samples are discussed. Although they did not have a clinical diagnosis of stuttering, all of the young children with ASD in this study produced disfluencies. In addition to stuttering-like disfluencies and other typical disfluencies, the children with ASD also produced atypical disfluencies, which usually are not observed in children with typically developing speech or developmental stuttering. (Yairi & Ambrose, 2005).

Aging and Autism

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Need For Support ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

In this article, I will review the available recent literature about the aging population with autism, a patient group that researchers know little about and a group that is experiencing a growing need for support from communication disorders professionals. Speech-language pathologists working with geriatric patients should become familiar with this issue, as the numbers of older patients with autism spectrum disorders is likely to increase. Our profession and our health care system must prepare to meet the challenge these patients and residents will present as they age.

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