Cognitive architectures as a tool for investigating the role of oscillatory power and coherence in cognition

NeuroImage ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 685-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke K. van Vugt
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Architectures ◽  
Oscillatory Power

The Comic Stance

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-72
Author(s):  
Lauren Olin
Keyword(s):  
Systems Theory ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Cognitive Architectures ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Plausible Account ◽  
The Future ◽  
Intentional Systems

Abstract Despite sustained philosophical attention, no theory of humor claims general acceptance. Drawing on the resources provided by intentional systems theory, this article first outlines an approach to investigating humor based on the idea of a comic stance, then sketches the Dismissal Theory of Humor (DTH) that has resulted from pursuing that approach. According to the DTH, humor manifests in cases where the future-directed significance of anticipatory failures is dismissed. Mirth, on this view, is the reward people get for declining to update predictive representational schemata in ways that maximize their futureoriented value. The theory aims to provide a plausible account of the role of humor in human mental and social life, but it also aims to be empirically vulnerable, and to generate testable predictions about how the comic stance may actually be undergirded by cognitive architectures.

Articulating the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Collective Intelligence: A Transactive Systems Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 670-674
Author(s):  
Pranav Gupta ◽  
Anita Williams Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Cognitive Architectures ◽  
The Core ◽  
Systems Framework

Human society faces increasingly complex problems that require coordinated collective action. Artificial intelligence (AI) holds the potential to bring together the knowledge and associated action needed to find solutions at scale. In order to unleash the potential of human and AI systems, we need to understand the core functions of collective intelligence. To this end, we describe a socio-cognitive architecture that conceptualizes how boundedly rational individuals coordinate their cognitive resources and diverse goals to accomplish joint action. Our transactive systems framework articulates the inter-member processes underlying the emergence of collective memory, attention, and reasoning, which are fundamental to intelligence in any system. Much like the cognitive architectures that have guided the development of artificial intelligence, our transactive systems framework holds the potential to be formalized in computational terms to deepen our understanding of collective intelligence and pinpoint roles that AI can play in enhancing it.

scholarly journals Real-time detection of neural oscillation bursts allows behaviourally relevant neurofeedback

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golan Karvat ◽  
Artur Schneider ◽  
Mansour Alyahyaey ◽  
Florian Steenbergen ◽  
Ilka Diester
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Neurofeedback Training ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Neural Oscillation ◽  
Oscillatory Power ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Data Analysis System ◽  
Induced Changes

AbstractNeural oscillations are increasingly interpreted as transient bursts, yet a method to measure these short-lived events in real-time is missing. Here we present a real-time data analysis system, capable to detect short and narrowband bursts, and demonstrate its usefulness for volitional increase of beta-band burst-rate in rats. This neurofeedback-training induced changes in overall oscillatory power, and bursts could be decoded from the movement of the rats, thus enabling future investigation of the role of oscillatory bursts.

Contraction dynamics and power production of pink muscle of the scup (Stenotomus chrysops).

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (12) ◽  
pp. 2703-2712 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Coughlin ◽  
G Zhang ◽  
L C Rome
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Orientation ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Velocity Of Shortening ◽  
Red Muscle ◽  
Oscillatory Power ◽  
Myotomal Muscle ◽  
Longitudinal Fibre ◽  
Stenotomus Chrysops

Although the contribution of red muscle to sustained swimming in fish has been studied in detail in recent years, the role of pink myotomal muscle has not received attention. Pink myotomal muscle in the scup (Stenotomus chrysops) lies just medial to red muscle, has the same longitudinal fibre orientation and is recruited along with the red muscle during steady sustainable swimming. However, pink muscle has significantly faster rates of relaxation, and the maximum velocity of shortening of pink muscle (7.26 +/- 0.18 muscle lengths s-1, N = 9, at 20 degrees C, and 4.46 +/- 0.15 muscle lengths s-1, N = 6, at 10 degrees C; mean +/- S.E.M.) is significantly faster than that of red muscle. These properties facilitate higher mass-specific maximum oscillatory power production relative to that of red muscle at frequencies similar to the tailbeat frequency at maximum sustained swimming speeds in scup. Additionally, pink muscle is found in anatomical positions in which red muscle is produces very little power during swimming: the anterior region of the fish, which undergoes the lowest strain during swimming. Pink muscle produces more oscillatory power than red muscle under low-strain conditions (+/- 2-3%) and this may allow pink muscle to supplement the relatively low power generated by red muscle in the anterior regions of swimming scup.

scholarly journals Intended arm use influences interhemispheric correlation of β-oscillations in primate medial motor areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 2865-2883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshi Nakajima ◽  
Haruka Arisawa ◽  
Ryosuke Hosaka ◽  
Hajime Mushiake
Keyword(s):  
Phase Difference ◽  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Ipsilateral Hemisphere ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Oscillatory Power ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Phase Differences

To investigate the role of interhemispheric β-synchronization in the selection of motor effectors, we trained two monkeys to memorize and perform multiple two-movement sequences that included unimanual repetition and bimanual switching. We recorded local field potentials simultaneously in the bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA) and pre-SMA to examine how the β-power in both hemispheres and the interhemispheric relationship of β-oscillations depend on the prepared sequence of arm use. We found a significant ipsilateral enhancement of β-power for bimanual switching trials in the left hemisphere and an enhancement of β-power in the right SMA while preparing for unimanual repetition. Furthermore, interhemispheric synchrony in the SMA was significantly more enhanced while preparing unimanual repetition than while preparing bimanual switching. This enhancement of synchrony was detected in terms of β-phase but not in terms of modulation of β-power. Furthermore, the assessment of the interhemispheric phase difference revealed that the β-oscillation in the hemisphere contralateral to the instructed arm use significantly advanced its phase relative to that in the ipsilateral hemisphere. There was no arm use-dependent shift in phase difference in the pairwise recordings within each hemisphere. Both neurons with and without arm use-selective activity were phase-locked to the β-oscillation. These results imply that the degree of interhemispheric phase synchronization as well as phase differences and oscillatory power in the β-band may contribute to the selection of arm use depending on the behavioral conditions of sequential arm use. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We addressed interhemispheric relationships of β-oscillations during bimanual coordination. While monkeys prepared to initiate movement of the instructed arm, β-oscillations in the contralateral hemisphere showed a phase advance relative to the other hemisphere. Furthermore, the sequence of arm use influenced β-power and the degree of interhemispheric phase synchronization. Thus the dynamics of interhemispheric phases and power in β-oscillations may contribute to the specification of motor effectors in a given behavioral context.

scholarly journals Modulation of Oscillatory Power and Connectivity in the Human Posterior Cingulate Cortex Supports the Encoding and Retrieval of Episodic Memories

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1415-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Lega ◽  
James Germi ◽  
Michael D. Rugg
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Oscillatory Power ◽  
Episodic Memories ◽  
Encoding And Retrieval

Existing data from noninvasive studies have led researchers to posit that the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) supports mnemonic processes: It exhibits degeneration in memory disorders, and fMRI investigations have demonstrated memory-related activation principally during the retrieval of memory items. Despite these data, the role of the PCC in episodic memory has received only limited treatment using the spatial and temporal precision of intracranial EEG, with previous analyses focused on item retrieval. Using data gathered from 21 human participants who underwent stereo-EEG for seizure localization, we characterized oscillatory patterns in the PCC during the encoding and retrieval of episodic memories. We identified a subsequent memory effect during item encoding characterized by increased gamma band oscillatory power and a low-frequency power desynchronization. Fourteen participants had stereotactic electrodes located simultaneously in the hippocampus and PCC, and with these unique data, we describe connectivity changes between these structures that predict successful item encoding and that precede item retrieval. Oscillatory power during retrieval matched the pattern we observed during encoding, with low-frequency (below 15 Hz) desynchronization and a gamma band (especially high gamma, 70–180 Hz) power increase. Encoding is characterized by synchrony between the hippocampus and PCC, centered at 3 Hz, consistent with other observations of properties of this oscillation akin to those for rodent theta activity. We discuss our findings in light of existing theories of episodic memory processing, including the information via desynchronization hypothesis and retrieved context theory, and examine how our data fit with existing theories for the functional role of the PCC. These include a postulated role for the PCC in modulating internally directed attention and for representing or integrating contextual information for memory items.

scholarly journals The role of working memory for bridging the gap between perception and goal-directed actions: Evidence by mu and beta oscillations in sensorimotor cortex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Schneider ◽  
Marlene Rösner ◽  
Laura-Isabelle Klatt ◽  
Edmund Wascher
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Visual Item ◽  
Oscillatory Power ◽  
Oscillatory Eeg ◽  
Response Alternatives ◽  
Oscillatory Response

AbstractWhat mechanisms are at work when transferring a visual representation in working memory into a higher-level code for guiding future actions? We investigated the underlying attentional and motor selection processes in working memory by means of oscillatory EEG parameters. Participants stored two, three or four objects in working memory and subsequent retroactive cues indicated one or two items as task-relevant. The oscillatory response in mu (10-14 Hz) and beta (15-25 Hz) frequencies with an estimated source in sensorimotor cortex contralateral to response side was used as a correlate of motor planning. There was a stronger suppression of oscillatory power when only one item was cued. Importantly, this effect appeared although the required response could not be anticipated at this point in time. This suggests that working memory can store multiple item-specific motor plans and the selection of a stored visual item leads to an automatic updating of associated response alternatives.

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