scholarly journals Unbelievable: Neural Correlate of the Feedback Negativity in the Anterior Cingulate

Neuron ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno B. Averbeck
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Neural Correlate ◽  
Feedback Negativity

Increased Frontal Lobe Volume as a Neural Correlate of Gray-Collar Offending

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shichun Ling ◽  
Adrian Raine ◽  
Yaling Yang ◽  
Robert A. Schug ◽  
Jill Portnoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Process Model ◽  
White Collar Crime ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Blue Collar ◽  
Neural Correlate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Primary Hypothesis

Objectives: A process model of white-collar crime postulates that the etiology of this form of crime is incomplete without consideration of individual differences in neurobiology. Based on prior research, this study tests the primary hypothesis that “gray-collar crime” (GCC; offending on the margin of more serious white-collar crimes) would be associated with increased frontal lobe volume. Secondary analyses explored which frontal subregions, if any, would be associated with gray-collar offending. Method: Gray-collar offending and blue-collar criminal offending were assessed in 129 community males. Total frontal lobe, anterior cingulate, superior frontal, middle frontal, inferior frontal, and orbitofrontal volumes were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Increased frontal volume was associated with increased gray-collar offending. Frontal volume remained significant after controlling for ethnicity, age, intelligence, whole brain volume, and blue-collar crime covariates, explaining 4.6 percent of the variance in GCC. Within the frontal lobe, findings were localized to superior frontal and anterior cingulate cortex, both before and after controlling for covariates. Conclusions: Findings provide preliminary evidence of increased frontal volume as a neural correlate of gray-collar offending and support a process model which hypothesizes that frontal lobe volume may provide some individuals with an advantage in perpetrating criminal offenses in occupational and avocational settings.

scholarly journals Neural correlate of relief in the anterior cingulate cortex and ventral tegmental area

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Elston ◽  
David K. Bilkey
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Tegmental Area ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Goal Pursuit ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Adaptive Behaviour ◽  
Neural Correlate ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Ventral Tegmental

AbstractInformation gained during goal pursuit motivates adaptive behaviour. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) supports adaptive behaviour, but how ACC signals are translated into motivational signals remains unclear. Rats implanted in the ACC and ventral tegmental area (VTA), a dopaminergic brain area implicated in motivation, were trained to run laps around a rectangular track for a fixed reward, where each lap varied in physical effort (a 30cm climbable barrier). Partial directed coherence analysis of local field potentials revealed that ACC theta (4-12 Hz) activity increased as rats entered the barrier-containing region of the maze on trials when the barrier was absent, and predicted similar changes in VTA theta. This did not occur on effortful, barrier-present trials. These data suggest that ACC provides a top-down modulating signal which can influence the motivation with which to pursue a reward, and which may be, in our task, a neural correlate of relief.

Anterior Cingulate Abnormality as a Neural Correlate of Mismatch Negativity in Schizophrenia

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yayoi K. Hayakawa ◽  
Eiji Kirino ◽  
Keigo Shimoji ◽  
Koji Kamagata ◽  
Masaaki Hori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Neural Correlate

Visual-Neural Correlate of Speechreading Ability in Normal-Hearing Adults

1982 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Firing Time ◽  
Neural Firing ◽  
Neural Correlate ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Repeated Word ◽  
Negative Peak ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

In 1977, Shepherd and colleagues reported significant correlations (–.90, –.91) between speechreading scores and the latency of a selected negative peak (VN 130 measure) on the averaged visual electroencephalic wave form. The primary purpose of this current study was to examine the stability, or repeatability, of this relation between these cognitive and neurophysiologic measures over a period of several months and thus support its test-retest reliability. Repeated speechreading word and sentence scores were gathered during three test-retest sessions from each of 20 normal-hearing adults. An average of 56 days occurred from the end of one to the beginning of another speechreading sessions. During each of four other test-retest sessions, averaged visual electroencephalic responses (AVER s ) were evoked from each subject. An average of 49 clays intervened between AVER sessions. Product-moment correlations computed among repeated word scores and VN l30 measures ranged from –.61 to –.89. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the VN l30 measure of visual neural firing time is a reliable correlate of speech-reading in normal-hearing adults.

Central Nervous System Processing of Emotions in Children with Fecal Incontinence and Constipation

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Monika Equit ◽  
Justine Niemczyk ◽  
Anna Kluth ◽  
Carla Thomas ◽  
Mathias Rubly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fecal Incontinence ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Afferent Pathways ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cortical Regions

Abstract. Objective: Fecal incontinence and constipation are common disorders in childhood. The enteric nervous system and the central nervous system are highly interactive along the brain-gut axis. The interaction is mainly afferent. These afferent pathways include centers that are involved in the central nervous processing of emotions as the mid/posterior insula and the anterior cingulate cortex. A previous study revealed altered processing of emotions in children with fecal incontinence. The present study replicates these results. Methods: In order to analyze the processing of emotions, we compared the event-related potentials of 25 children with fecal incontinence and constipation to those of 15 control children during the presentation of positive, negative, and neutral pictures. Results: Children with fecal incontinence and constipation showed altered processing of emotions, especially in the parietal and central cortical regions. Conclusions: The main study results of the previous study were replicated, increasing the certainty and validity of the findings.

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