GLUTAMATE INJECTION INTO THE CUNEIFORM NUCLEUS IN RAT, PRODUCES CORRELATED SINGLE UNIT ACTIVITIES IN THE KOLLIKER-FUSE NUCLEUS AND CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES

Neuroscience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nasimi ◽  
M.N. Shafei ◽  
H. Alaei
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Cuneiform Nucleus

Neuronal and cardiovascular responses to ANF microinjected into the solitary nucleus

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (2) ◽  
pp. R577-R582 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ermirio ◽  
P. Ruggeri ◽  
C. E. Cogo ◽  
C. Molinari ◽  
F. R. Calaresu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Unit Activity ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Firing Frequency ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Single Unit Activity

The effect on single-unit activity, arterial pressure, and heart rate of a microinjection of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) into 78 histologically verified sites in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) was investigated in rats. Injections of 50 nl of 10(-7) M ANF excited 34 neurons (44%), mainly localized at the level of the obex, inhibited 15 (19%), and had no effect on the remaining 29 (37%). The increase in firing frequency of the 34 excited neurons was always followed by a decline in mean arterial pressure [MAP, -10.6 +/- 1.8 (SE) mmHg; P less than 0.01] and heart rate [HR, -9.6 +/- 3.1 (SE) beats/min; P less than 0.05]. When injections of ANF caused either no effect or inhibition of single-unit activity, no changes in either MAP or HR were observed. Single units excited by injections of ANF were also excited by activation of arterial baroreceptors and inhibited by baroreceptor unloading. Control injections of an inactive peptide analogue of ANF or of vehicle never produced any effects on neuronal firing frequency or on MAP and HR. Similar results were obtained from animals paralyzed and artificially ventilated. These results support the hypothesis that ANF plays a role in the chemical transmission of baroreceptor information within the NTS.

Cardiovascular and single-unit responses to subfornical organ stimulation are abolished by pentobarbital anesthesia

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1031-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair V. Ferguson ◽  
Craig Loucks
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Subfornical Organ ◽  
T Test ◽  
Pentobarbital Anesthesia ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Pressor Responses ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

The nature of reflex cardiovascular responses to electrical stimulation in the central nervous system has been suggested to be influenced by anesthetic. We report here that pressor responses to subfornical organ stimulation observed in urethane-anesthetized rats (n = 4) are absent, or reversed in animals under pentobarbital anesthesia (n = 5; Student's t test, p < 0.01, compared with urethane anesthesia. Single-unit recordings from identified hypothalamic neurons (n = 60) showed that the activation of these cells, by subfornical organ efferents, with systemic angiotensin observed in urethane-anesthetized animals (29 of 39 cells tested), was not observed under pentobarbital anesthesia (2 of 21 cells tested). Bicuculline treatment of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats (n = 5) restores small pressor responses to subfornical organ stimulation (t test, p < 0.05), suggesting that potentiated GABA inhibition underlies this modified state under pentobarbital anesthesia.Key words: subfornical organ, urethane, pentobarbital, cardiovascular, vasopressin, oxytocin.

In Search of Somatic Precursors of Spontaneous Insight

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangbing Shen ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Chaoying Tang ◽  
Chunhua Shi ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Solution Time ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Insight Problem ◽  
Creative Insight ◽  
Insight Problem Solving ◽  
Analytic Problem

Abstract. A considerable number of behavioral and neuroscientific studies on insight problem solving have revealed behavioral and neural correlates of the dynamic insight process; however, somatic correlates, particularly somatic precursors of creative insight, remain undetermined. To characterize the somatic precursor of spontaneous insight, 22 healthy volunteers were recruited to solve the compound remote associate (CRA) task in which a problem can be solved by either an insight or an analytic strategy. The participants’ peripheral nervous activities, particularly electrodermal and cardiovascular responses, were continuously monitored and separately measured. The results revealed a greater skin conductance magnitude for insight trials than for non-insight trials in the 4-s time span prior to problem solutions and two marginally significant correlations between pre-solution heart rate variability (HRV) and the solution time of insight trials. Our findings provide the first direct evidence that spontaneous insight in problem solving is a somatically peculiar process that is distinct from the stepwise process of analytic problem solving and can be represented by a special somatic precursor, which is a stronger pre-solution electrodermal activity and a correlation between problem solution time and certain HRV indicators such as the root mean square successive difference (RMSSD).

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