Contrast-enhanced computed tomography image assessment of cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with oral cancer by using a deep learning system of artificial intelligence

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiko Ariji ◽  
Motoki Fukuda ◽  
Yoshitaka Kise ◽  
Michihito Nozawa ◽  
Yudai Yanashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Lymph Node ◽  
Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Tomography Image ◽  
Computed Tomography Image ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Image Assessment ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography

scholarly journals Glans inflation morphology and female cloaca copulatory interactions of the male American alligator phallus†

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon C Moore ◽  
Patricia L R Brennan ◽  
Rachel Francis ◽  
Samuel Penland ◽  
Kelsie Shiavone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alligator Mississippiensis ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
American Alligator ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Tomography Image ◽  
Computed Tomography Image ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Tissue Compartments ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Shape Changes

Abstract The phallic glans of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) is the distal termination of the semen-conducting sulcus spermaticus and during copulation has the closest, most intimate mechanical interactions with the female urodeum, the middle cloacal chamber that contains the opening to the vaginal passages and oviducts. However, the details of this interface leading to insemination and gamete uptake are unclear. Here, we: (1) histologically characterize the underlying tissue types and morphologically quantify the shape changes associated with glans inflation into the copulatory conformation, (2) digitally reconstruct from MRI the 3D shape of functional tissue compartments, and (3) diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography image the copulatory fit between male phallus and female cloaca. We discuss these results in relation to tissue type material properties, the transfer on intromittent forces, establishing potential copulatory lock, inflated glans volume scaling with body mass/length, the mechanics of semen targeting and insemination, and potential female cryptic choice impacting multiple clutch paternity. In part, this study further clarifies the phallic morphological variation observed among crocodylians and begins to investigate the role(s) these divergent male forms play during copulation interacting with female cloacal forms to increase reproductive success.

scholarly journals Prediction of cervical lymph node metastasis with contrast-enhanced ultrasound and association between presence of BRAFV600E and extrathyroidal extension in papillary thyroid carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175883592094236
Author(s):  
Jia Zhan ◽  
Long-hui Zhang ◽  
Qing Yu ◽  
Chao-lun Li ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Lymph Node ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis ◽  
Extrathyroidal Extension ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Ultrasound Features

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and each of the ultrasound features, immunohistochemical factors, and B-type Raf (BRAFV600E) mutation. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 405 patients with single papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) nodules, all of whom underwent preoperative sonographic examinations, including gray-scale ultrasound, color Doppler ultrasound, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). All PTC patients were evaluated using 14 clinical and sonographic features, eight immunohistochemical factors, and BRAFV600E. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for CLNM, and an equation for CLNM was established. The diagnostic value of each modality was compared with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Among the 405 PTC nodules removed surgically, CLNM was confirmed in 138 patients, whereas extrathyroidal extension was confirmed in 185 patients. Multivariate analyses indicated significant differences between CLNM and non-CLNM groups in three conventional ultrasound features ( p < 0.05), whereas other sonographic features, eight immunohistochemical factors, and BRAFV600E did not indicate significant differences. A ROC curve of 0.757 in the equation exhibited a significant difference compared with the solo factors ( p < 0.05 for all). Hyper or isoechoic enhancement at peak time on CEUS was associated with CLNM, whereas the presence of the BRAFV600E mutation was associated with extrathyroidal extensions although BRAF appeared to be uncorrelated with CLNM in the present study. Conclusion: Intensity at peak time, homogeneity, and size are the three most significant features in predicting CLNM in PTC patients, and the presence of the BRAFV600E mutation was associated with extrathyroidal extensions when PTCs showed a hyper or isoechoic enhancement at peak time in CEUS.

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