Rapid characterization of nano-scale structures in large-scale ultra-precision surfaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 106200
Author(s):  
Wenjun Yang ◽  
Xiaojun Liu ◽  
Chi Hu ◽  
Wenlong Lu ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Ultra Precision ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Rapid Characterization

scholarly journals Short Note: Development and characterization of 16 new polymorphic microsatellite loci for Schima superba (Theaceae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 124-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Yu Niu ◽  
Wan-Hui Ye ◽  
Zheng-Feng Wang ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Hong-Lin Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Schima Superba ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite ◽  
Leaved Forest

Abstract Schima superba is a common dominant tree species in evergreen broad-leaved forest in subtropical China. Despite its multiple usages in wood industry, reforestation and traditional Chinese medicine, its genetic diversity is poorly studied. To help studying its genetic diversity and structure in the future, after microsatellite enrichment and screening, we identified 16 microsatellites in S. superba. These markers showed polymorphism in three populations. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 32 with a mean of 14. Within populations, the observed and unbiased expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.048 to 0.926 and from 0.048 to 0.949, respectively. The newly developed 16 microsatellites will be useful for investigating the genetic diversity and structure from large scale patterns to fine-scale structures in this species.

scholarly journals Analysis of sub-kilobase chromatin topology reveals nano-scale regulatory interactions with variable dependence on cohesin and CTCF

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abrar Aljahani ◽  
Peng Hua ◽  
Magdalena A. Karpinska ◽  
Kimberly Quililan ◽  
James O. J. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Interaction Data ◽  
Chromosome Conformation ◽  
Regulatory Interactions ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Topologically Associating Domains ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Local Insulation

Enhancers and promoters predominantly interact within large-scale topologically associating domains (TADs), which are formed by loop extrusion mediated by cohesin and CTCF. However, it is unclear whether complex chromatin structures exist at sub-kilobase-scale and to what extent fine-scale regulatory interactions depend on loop extrusion. To address these questions, we present an MNase-based chromosome conformation capture (3C) approach, which has enabled us to generate the most detailed local interaction data to date and precisely investigate the effects of cohesin and CTCF depletion on chromatin architecture. Our data reveal that cis-regulatory elements have distinct internal nano-scale structures, within which local insulation is dependent on CTCF, but which are independent of cohesin. In contrast, we find that depletion of cohesin causes a subtle reduction in longer-range enhancer-promoter interactions and that CTCF depletion can cause rewiring of regulatory contacts. Together, our data show that loop extrusion is not essential for enhancer-promoter interactions, but contributes to their robustness and specificity and to precise regulation of gene expression.

scholarly journals Fabry-Perot spectroscopy: a powerful method for detecting superbubbles in galaxy discs

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (S309) ◽  
pp. 303-303
Author(s):  
A. Camps-Fariña ◽  
J. Beckman ◽  
J. Zaragoza-Cardiel ◽  
J. Font ◽  
K. Fathi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Massive Star ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Line Profiles ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
Projection Effect ◽  
Scale Structures

AbstractWe present a new method for the detection and characterization of large scale expansion in galaxy discs based on Hα Fabry-Perot spectroscopy, taking advantage of the high spatial and velocity resolution of our instrument (GHαFaS). The method analyses multi-peaked emission line profiles to find expansion along the line of sight on a pixel-by-pixel basis. At this stage we have centred our attention on the large scale structures of expansive gas which show a coherent gradient of velocities from their centres as a result of both bubble shape and projection effect. The results show a wide range of expansion velocities in these superbubbles, ranging from 30-150 km/s, with the expected trend of finding the higher velocities in the more violent areas of the galaxies. We have applied the technique to the Antennae and M83, obtaining spectacular results, and used these to investigate to what extent kinematically derived ages can be found and used to characterize the ages of their massive star clusters.

NON-THERMAL PHENOMENA IN GALAXY CLUSTERS

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 280-289
Author(s):  
CHIARA FERRARI
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Clusters ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thermal Component ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Weak Magnetic Fields ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Thermal Phenomena ◽  
New Generation

The existence of cosmic rays and weak magnetic fields in the intracluster volume has been well proven by deep radio observations of galaxy clusters. However a detailed physical characterization of the non-thermal component of large scale-structures, relevant for high-precision cosmology, is still missing. I will show the importance of combining numerical and theoretical works with cluster observations by a new-generation of radio, Gamma- and X-ray instruments.

scholarly journals Rapid Characterization of AAV gene therapy vectors by Mass Photometry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Wu ◽  
Philsang Hwang ◽  
Tiansen Li ◽  
Grzegorz Piszczek
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Mass Distributions ◽  
Gene Delivery Vectors ◽  
Empty Capsid ◽  
Gene Therapy Vectors ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Rapid Characterization

AbstractRecombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) are extensively used as gene delivery vectors in clinical studies, and several rAAV based treatments have already been approved. Significant progress has been made in rAAV manufacturing, and large-scale vector production and purification methods have been developed. However, a better and more precise capsid characterization techniques are still needed to guarantee the purity and safety of the rAAV preparations. A recently developed single-molecule technique, mass photometry (MP), measures mass distributions of biomolecules with high resolution and sensitivity. Here we explore applications of MP for the characterization of capsid fractions. We demonstrate that MP is able to resolve and quantify not only empty and full-genome containing capsid populations, but also identify the partially packaged capsid impurities. MP data accurately measures full and empty capsid ratios, and can be used to estimate the size of the encapsidated genome. MP distributions provide information on sample heterogeneity and on the presence of aggregates. Current analytical techniques used to characterize rAAV preparations are susceptible to background signals, have limited accuracy, or are time-consuming and require a large amount of material. MP can analyze sub-picomole quantities of sample, and data can be obtained and analyzed within minutes. This method provides a simple, robust, and effective tool to monitor physical attributes of rAAV vectors.

Characterization of large-scale structures in a forced ducted flow with dump

AIAA Journal ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1164-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Schadow ◽  
K. J. Wilson ◽  
E. Gutmark
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Scale Structures

Some comments about observations and image processing of comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
D. Kubáček ◽  
A. Galád ◽  
A. Pravda
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Harvard College ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Short Period Comet ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Harvard College Observatory ◽  
Period Comet

AbstractUnusual short-period comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 inspired many observers to explain its unpredictable outbursts. In this paper large scale structures and features from the inner part of the coma in time periods around outbursts are studied. CCD images were taken at Whipple Observatory, Mt. Hopkins, in 1989 and at Astronomical Observatory, Modra, from 1995 to 1998. Photographic plates of the comet were taken at Harvard College Observatory, Oak Ridge, from 1974 to 1982. The latter were digitized at first to apply the same techniques of image processing for optimizing the visibility of features in the coma during outbursts. Outbursts and coma structures show various shapes.

Some applications of electron beam microanalysis techniques in VLSI process evaluation

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
Simon Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Analysis Of Failures ◽  
Characterization Of Materials ◽  
Circuits Vlsi

Trends in the technology development of very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) have been in the direction of higher density of components with smaller dimensions. The scaling down of device dimensions has been not only laterally but also in depth. Such efforts in miniaturization bring with them new developments in materials and processing. Successful implementation of these efforts is, to a large extent, dependent on the proper understanding of the material properties, process technologies and reliability issues, through adequate analytical studies. The analytical instrumentation technology has, fortunately, kept pace with the basic requirements of devices with lateral dimensions in the micron/ submicron range and depths of the order of nonometers. Often, newer analytical techniques have emerged or the more conventional techniques have been adapted to meet the more stringent requirements. As such, a variety of analytical techniques are available today to aid an analyst in the efforts of VLSI process evaluation. Generally such analytical efforts are divided into the characterization of materials, evaluation of processing steps and the analysis of failures.

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