Dimensionality in adolescent prosocial tendencies: Individual differences in serving others versus serving the self

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary B. Eberly-Lewis ◽  
Taryn M. Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
The Self ◽  
Prosocial Tendencies

Internal mechanisms that implicate the self enlighten the egoism-altruism debate

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-275
Author(s):  
Constantine Sedikides ◽  
Aiden P. Gregg
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
The Self ◽  
Altruistic Behavior ◽  
Contextual Variability

Internal mechanisms, especially those implicating the self, are crucial for the egoism-altruism debate. Self-liking is extended to close others and can be extended, through socialization and reinforcement experiences, to non-close others: Altruistic responses are directed toward others who are included in the self. The process of self-extension can account for cross-situational variability, contextual variability, and individual differences in altruistic behavior.

scholarly journals On the Etiology of Self-Enhancement and Its Association With Psychological Well-Being

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-445
Author(s):  
Yu L. L. Luo ◽  
Constantine Sedikides ◽  
Huajian Cai
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Common Core ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
The Self ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Subjective Level ◽  
Positive Light ◽  
Better Than

Self-enhancement, the motive to view oneself in positive light, and its manifestations have received wide attention in behavioral sciences. The self-enhancement manifestations vary on a continuum from a subjective level (agentic narcissism, communal narcissism, narcissistic grandiosity) through an intermediate level (better-than-average judgments) to an objective level (overclaiming one’s knowledge). Prior research has established the heritability of self-enhancement manifestations at the subjective and intermediate levels. The present twin study demonstrated that (1) the objective level of self-enhancement manifestation is also heritable; (2) a common core, which is moderately heritable, underlies the three levels of self-enhancement manifestations; (3) the relation between self-enhancement (manifested at all three levels) and psychological well-being is partly heritable; and (4) environmental influences, either shared by or unique to family members, are evident through (1), (2), and (3). The findings deepen understanding of the etiology of individual differences in self-enhancement and their links to psychological well-being.

Who is Gelotophobic? Assessment Criteria for the Fear of Being Laughed at

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willibald Ruch ◽  
René T. Proyer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Report Measure ◽  
Normal Controls

Ruch and Proyer (2008) provided preliminary evidence for the validity of gelotophobia (the fear of being laughed at) by showing that a group of individuals diagnosed as gelotophobic could be discriminated from groups of shame-based neurotics, non shame-based neurotics, and normal controls by means of a self-report measure. The present study reanalyzes data aimed at identifying the set of items best suited for measuring gelotophobia and estimates the prevalence of gelotophobia in the four groups (N = 863). The application of several criteria led to a final list of 15 statements. Cut-off points for a slight, pronounced, and extreme expression of gelotophobia were defined. In the group of those clinically assessed as having gelotophobia, the cut-off points were exceeded by approximately 31%, 39%, and 22%, respectively. Only 7.1% did not exceed the cut-off point, suggesting that the self-report measure validly determines the presence of and measures the intensity of gelotophobia. Close to 12% of the normal controls exceeded the cut-off points, suggesting that gelotophobia can be studied as an individual differences variable among normal individuals.

The Time-Series Analysis of Self-reported Headache Sequences

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Robert A. M. Gregson
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Chronic Headache ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Case Histories

Individual case histories collected variously in Europe and in Australia, recorded over long unbroken sequences, on a daily self-report basis, are potentially analysable as time series. The assessment of spontaneous changes in the dynamics of headache generation and attenuation, and the consequences, if any, of superimposed therapeutic intervention, require that we treat the self-report ratings of headache intensity and duration as a multistate process which is highly autoregressive. Some strong insights into individual differences both in chronic headache patterns, and in response to treatment, are obtained. Of particular interest are individual differences in cyclical and quasi-periodic headaches and in the possible causality of such differences.

scholarly journals The narrative psychology of love lives

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 761-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Dunlop ◽  
Grace E. Hanley ◽  
Tara P. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Narrative Identity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Autobiographical Narratives ◽  
Life Narrative ◽  
Narrative Psychology ◽  
Love Life

Narrative identity is an internal and evolving story about the self. Individual differences in narrative identity have been found to correspond with several important constructs (e.g., well-being, health behaviors). Here, we examined the nature and correlates of participants’ love life narrative identities. In Study 1, participants provided autobiographical narratives from their love lives and rated their personality traits and authenticity within the romantic domain. In Study 2, participants again provided narratives from their love lives and completed measures assessing their attachment tendencies and relationship contingent self-esteem. Narratives were coded for agency, communion, redemptive imagery, contaminated imagery, affective tone, and integrative complexity. Across our studies, the communion and positive tone in participants’ love life narratives was associated with certain traits, authenticity, attachment tendencies, and relationship contingent self-esteem. These results suggest that love life narrative identity represents a promising construct in the study of functioning within the romantic domain.

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