Profundidade: uma dimensão vivida pelo corpo

Este artigo discute a profundidade numa direção oposta à sua objetividade. Não se trata de discorrê-la como uma habituada coordenada do espaço ou como um parâmetro referente à extensão espacial. Desdobra-se aqui a profundidade num nível subjetivo: como uma dimensão vivida pelo corpo. À luz da fenomenologia do filósofo Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908–1961) e de sua análise dos planos pictóricos do artista Paul Cézanne (1938–1906), enunciam-se algumas considerações sobre a existência da profundidade como uma dimensão que estrutura a relação CORPO-ESPAÇO. A profundidade subjetiva se torna potencialidade para a disciplina da arquitetura ao ser responsável pelo engajamento corpóreo. Palavras-chave: Profundidade; Fenomenologia; Merleau-Ponty; Cézanne; Relação CORPO-ESPAÇO. Abstract This article discusses depth in an opposite direction to its objectivity. It is not a matter of discussing it as a familiar coordinate of space or as a parameter referring to spatial extension. In this article, depth is unfolded on a subjective level: as a dimension lived by the body. Based on the phenomenology of the French philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908–1961) and on his analysis of the pictorial planes of Paul Cézanne (1938–1906), some considerations are made about the existence of depth as a dimension that structures the body in the space. Subjective depth becomes a potentiality for the discipline of architecture by attributing plasticity to the BODY-SPACE relationship and by being responsible for corporeal engagement. Keywords: Depth; Phenomenology; Merleau-Ponty; Cézanne; BODY-SPACE relationship

Oxymoroning Education: A Poem about Actualizing Affect for Public Good

An oxymoron is a self-contradicting or incongruous word or group of words as in Lord Byron’s (1788–1824) line from his satirical epic poem Don Juan; “melancholy merriment”, An oxymoron is a rhetorical and epigrammatic device for effect, often revealing paradox. The effect I aim for here is the actualization of affect; affect made relevant and useful for education as a public good. Oxymoroning as an immediate edging of knowledge into experience, hence a way to access a proto subjective level of the affective power of X. The prefix proto indicating the first, original or earliest. I ask how we can become materially identifiable subjects for one another and what would it take to move from a mechanistic approach to education to a more machinic one. It is a view of change that does not steal my powers or affective force away. Furthermore, are the abstractions one attempts to move from imitation to imagination abstract enough? I aim for expansions in our educational rationales for social and natural sustainability. It implies an educational philosophy of multiplicity ready to support and join a creative pluralism of organization and pedagogies and simultaneously counteract predetermined and controlling pluralism of organization and pedagogies. The overarching contribution of this poem is political, pragmatic and ethical and concerns the constitution of subjectivity for education in inter- and intra-generational perspectives through taking part in polysemantic ambiguity, envisioning a modest view to the child as a knowledgeable and connectable collective. Ultimately, a view of the child is our primary measurement indicator for educational quality. The competence most important to develop for educators is impression tenderness in order to meet the expressions of the child.

Rebellion as a learning experience in the light of narrations of adults participating in protests. Selected issues

The aim of this article is to show the learning potential of participation in protests in the narratives of several adults. Participation in rebellions is seen as a specific learning experience here. What is the relationship between experience and learning on the example of participation in rebellions? The author analyses this relationship, inter alia, on the example of critical practices described by Usher. This article is a part of a broader research project on learning mechanisms of adults participating in various forms of rebellion. The study is concerned with answering the questions: what and how do protesters learn? what are the social and cultural mechanisms of their learning? In this research project a biographical perspective was used. Within it, the biography is understood in a processual way. The biographical method focuses on the subjective level of experience in the socio-cultural and institutional context. The empirical material was analysed by searching for similarities and differences in rebels’ narratives. The results of the study are above all the identification of learning outcomes and identity-building processes.

The Subject Lagging Behind the Acceleration of Neoliberal Capitalist Discourse

The capitalist discourse, as formulated by Lacan, imposes a ceaseless movement, a continuous displacement without friction or obstacles, which is going faster and faster as we get into deep neoliberalism. Its acceleration is correlated with its freedom—the freedom of neoliberal capitalism, the free market and the free circulation of goods, including subjective commodities. People must follow the rhythm of production and consumption, a rhythm that, as Marx showed, consumes people as much as it consumes their environment, their planet and their conditions of existence, which are also those of capitalism itself. The capitalist discourse, according to Lacan, undermines itself by consuming its own foundation. The capital even consumes itself by its effectiveness. The efficiency of capital, which implies an unsustainable progressive acceleration, is what this paper will examine at the subjective level. It will show how the subject is radically excluded— forclosed—when there is no time for them to live, stop and exist, be unoccupied, look back, resignify their history and understand until the moment of conclusion. Without conclusion of anything, there is no interval to unfold the subject’s existence. There is no point at which life can be anything other than labour and consumption, i.e., production and realization of capital.

Non-Places and the Law: A Preliminary Investigation

In the context of the significant literature on Marc Augé’s concept of non-places, including its various applications in different disciplines, and also constantly growing legal geographical analyses, it is striking that, to date, there have been no more focused discussion on non-places and the law. This paper aims to begin filling this noticeable gap. It focuses on an original presentation of Augé’s concept and distinguishes three levels of non-places: their objective, material level (e.g. the buildings of non-places); the intersubjective, social level (the specific, distinctive feel of non-places, such as anonymity and detachment); and the purely individual, subjective level (the way particular people assess a specific non-place). The paper not only argues that Augé is already sensitive to the law in his original account of non-places, but also that the law – while directly irrelevant for the subjective level – is nevertheless very important for the objective and intersubjective levels of non-places, as, ultimately, it is a co-constituting factor of these aspects of the discussed type of sites.

Return to sport after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty is highly frequent: a systematic review

ImportanceOne of the most frequent concerns of the increasing number of patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty is the possibility to resume sport after surgery.ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review was to determine the rate of return to sport after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) and the subjective level of performance.Evidence reviewThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed to perform this systematic review. A systematic electronic search was performed using the PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase and Cochrane Library databases. All the studies analysing the rates were pooled; data were extracted and statistically analysed. The eligibility criteria were studies with at least 20 adult patients recruited. All studies had to relate return to sports after RSA.FindingsA total of six studies were included for a total of 457 patients. Mean age and average follow-up were, respectively, 74.7 years (range 33–88 years) and 3.6 years (range 1–9.4 years). The mean rate of return to sport ranged from 60% to 93%. The mean time for resuming sports was 5.3 months. The overall rate of return to sport after reverse shoulder arthroplasty was 79%. The mean level of sports at the time of the survey was worsened in 7.9%, improved in 39.6% and had no change in 55.2% of the cases.Conclusions and relevanceBased on the current available data, return to sports after reverse shoulder arthroplasty is possible and highly frequent. The subjective level of practice undergoes no change or improves in most of the cases. More studies and better-designed trials are needed in order to enrich the evidence on specific sports recovery after the procedure.Level of evidenceIV.

Different Correlates of COVID-19-Related Adherent and Dysfunctional Safety Behavior

Introduction: Safety behaviors are key elements in reducing the spread of the COVID-19 virus, but have also assumed excessive proportions in form of panic buying groceries. This raises the question whether these behaviors are independent or related to each other. Adherent safety behavior including increased hygiene and physical distancing appears inherently adherent and prosocial, while dysfunctional safety behavior such as panic buying most probably emerges from other motives and contextual variables.Methods: Data from 15,308 participants collected from March 10 to May 4, 2020, during the COVID-19 acute period in Germany, was analyzed to assess whether adherent and dysfunctional safety behavior are predicted by the same or divergent variables. Two multiple regression models are presented including various sociodemographic, trait, attitudinal, and COVID-19-specific variables as predictors.Results: Some variables similarly predict both, adherent and dysfunctional safety behavior. Yet, adherent safety behavior is stronger predicted by COVID-19-related fear than generalized anxiety, while a trend toward a reverse pattern emerged for dysfunctional safety behavior. Adherent safety behavior was also related to higher trust in governmental actions to face COVID-19, subjective level of information, as well as use of public media and TV to remain informed on COVID-19. Higher age was related to dysfunctional, but not adherent safety behavior. Respondents living in rural communities report more adherent safety behavior than urban dwellers.Discussion: Divergent psychological variables underlie adherent and dysfunctional safety behavior. This hints toward a theoretical separation with practical relevance in behavioral engineering and public health campaigning.

Measuring subjective stress among young people in Hong Kong: validation and predictive utility of the single-item subjective level of stress (SLS-1) in epidemiological and longitudinal community samples

Aims Brief measurements of the subjective experience of stress with good predictive capability are important in a range of community mental health and research settings. The potential for large-scale implementation of such a measure for screening may facilitate early risk detection and intervention opportunities. Few such measures however have been developed and validated in epidemiological and longitudinal community samples. We designed a new single-item measure of the subjective level of stress (SLS-1) and tested its validity and ability to predict long-term mental health outcomes of up to 12 months through two separate studies. Methods We first examined the content and face validity of the SLS-1 with a panel consisting of mental health experts and laypersons. Two studies were conducted to examine its validity and predictive utility. In study 1, we tested the convergent and divergent validity as well as incremental validity of the SLS-1 in a large epidemiological sample of young people in Hong Kong (n = 1445). In study 2, in a consecutively recruited longitudinal community sample of young people (n = 258), we first performed the same procedures as in study 1 to ensure replicability of the findings. We then examined in this longitudinal sample the utility of the SLS-1 in predicting long-term depressive, anxiety and stress outcomes assessed at 3 months and 6 months (n = 182) and at 12 months (n = 84). Results The SLS-1 demonstrated good content and face validity. Findings from the two studies showed that SLS-1 was moderately to strongly correlated with a range of mental health outcomes, including depressive, anxiety, stress and distress symptoms. We also demonstrated its ability to explain the variance explained in symptoms beyond other known personal and psychological factors. Using the longitudinal sample in study 2, we further showed the significant predictive capability of the SLS-1 for long-term symptom outcomes for up to 12 months even when accounting for demographic characteristics. Conclusions The findings altogether support the validity and predictive utility of the SLS-1 as a brief measure of stress with strong indications of both concurrent and long-term mental health outcomes. Given the value of brief measures of mental health risks at a population level, the SLS-1 may have potential for use as an early screening tool to inform early preventative intervention work.

Comparative analysis of two groups of patients according to the results of cataract phacoemulsification in combination with silicone oil removal through flat part of the ciliary body and posterior capsulorhexis in the long term after retinal detachment surgery

Purpose. To conduct a comparative analysis of two groups of patients according to the results of cataract phacoemulsification in combination with the silicone oil removal through flat part of the ciliary body and posterior capsulorhexis in the long term after retinal detachment surgery. Material and methods. 30 patients with a diagnosis of cataract, avitria, tamponade of the vitreous cavity with silicone oil OXANE 5700 were under observation. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. In both groups, the infusion system was installed through port 25 Ga located 3–4 mm from the limb, cataract phacoemulsification was performed in the first stage. In the first group (15 patients), silicon oil was removed through the posterior capsulorexis using a curved aspiration cannula of caliber 18 Ga. In the second group (15 patients) silicon oil was removed using aspiration through the second port of 25 Ga. The assessment of the functional and anatomical state after surgery was based on data from visometry, autorefractometry, ultrasound B-scanning of the vitreous cavity, and optical coherence tomography of the macular area. Assessment of patient satisfaction with the subjective level of quality of life was carried out using the validated visual function questionnaire Visual Function (VF-14). Results. In both groups, on average, there was a significant increase in the best corrected visual acuity. According to B-scan data, emulsified silicone oil particles were less detected in patients after removal of silicone oil through posterior capsulorexis. The subjective level of quality of life of each patient improved significantly in both groups. Conclusion. Performing the combined operation of cataract phacoemulsification with the removal of silicone oil through the posterior capsulorhexis in comparison with the silicone oil removal through the flat part of the ciliary body can equally improve visual function. Satisfaction with treatment results was slightly higher in the group with silicone oil removal through posterior capsulorexis. Key words: cataract, avitria, silicone oil, posterior capsulorexis.

Exposure to relaxing words during sleep promotes slow-wave sleep and subjective sleep quality

Our thoughts alter our sleep, but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. We propose that mental processes are active to a greater or lesser extent during sleep and that this degree of activation affects our sleep depth. We examined this notion by activating the concept of “relaxation” during sleep using relaxation-related words in 50 healthy participants. In support of our hypothesis, playing relaxing words during non-rapid eye movement sleep extended the time spent in slow-wave sleep, increased power in the slow-wave activity band after the word cue, and abolished an asymmetrical sleep depth during the word presentation period. On the subjective level, participants reported a higher sleep quality and elevated alertness ratings. Our results support the notion that the activation of mental concepts during sleep can influence sleep depth and provide a basis for interventions using targeted activations to promote sleep depth and sleep quality to foster well-being and health.