Using emotion as information in future-oriented cognition: Individual differences in the context of state negative affect

The current study was an attempt to determine the degree to which the suppression of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and attentional control were influential in the ability to engage various executive processes under high and low levels of negative affect. Ninety-four college students completed the Stroop Test while heart rate was being recorded. Estimates of the suppression of RSA were calculated from each participant in response to this test. The participants then completed self-ratings of attentional control, negative affect, and executive functioning. Regression analysis indicated that individual differences in estimates of the suppression of RSA, and ratings of attentional control were associated with the ability to employ executive processes but only when self-ratings of negative affect were low. An increase in negative affect compromised the ability to employ these strategies in the majority of participants. The data also suggest that high attentional control in conjunction with attenuated estimates of RSA suppression may increase the ability to use executive processes as negative affect increases.

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Impact of State Negative Affect on Self-Reported Trait Negative Affect

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e518632013-241 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Angela K. Pratt ◽

Nicholas Cannon ◽

Anthony O. June ◽

James M. LeBreton

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

State Negative Affect

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Attachment Style and the Regulation of Negative Affect: Exploring Individual Differences in Mood Congruency Effects on Memory and Judgment

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin ◽

10.1177/0146167203258852 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 67-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Dana Pereg ◽

Mario Mikulincer

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Attachment Style

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The Power of Negative Disposition: An Examination of Trait and State Negative Affect With OCBI and OCBO

Group & Organization Management ◽

10.1177/1059601118819893 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 1136-1172

Author(s):

Mark Geiger ◽

Jeong-Yeon Lee ◽

Mingang K. Geiger

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Social Exchange ◽

Organizational Citizenship ◽

Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽

Citizenship Behavior ◽

Research And Practice ◽

State Negative Affect

The authors developed and tested a two-by-two framework that identifies the strength of relationships between facets of negative affect (trait and state) and facets of organizational citizenship behavior (OCBI and OCBO). The framework is based on a stream of research concerned with dispositional- and situational-based predictors of OCB and is complemented with the phenomenon of social exchange spillover. Hypotheses were developed and tested using meta-analytic data to provide an authoritative perspective on the relationships of interest. The results largely support the proposed framework and suggest the strongest relationships are those between trait negative affect and OCBO, whereas the weakest relationships are those between state negative affect and OCBI. The authors discuss implications for research and practice concerning relationships between negative affect and OCB.

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Trait and state negative affect interactions moderate inhibitory control performance in emotionally loaded conditions

Personality and Individual Differences ◽

10.1016/j.paid.2011.03.016 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 95-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dan Ramon ◽

Ronny Geva ◽

Abraham Goldstein

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Control Performance ◽

State Negative Affect

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Neural Mechanisms of Attentional Control Differentiate Trait and State Negative Affect

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00298 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Laura D. Crocker ◽

Wendy Heller ◽

Jeffrey M. Spielberg ◽

Stacie L. Warren ◽

Keith Bredemeier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Attentional Control ◽

Neural Mechanisms ◽

State Negative Affect

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Secrets, Psychological Health, and the Fear of Discovery

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin ◽

10.1177/0146167220946195 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 014616722094619

Author(s):

Christopher G. Davis ◽

Hannah Brazeau ◽

Elisabeth Bailin Xie ◽

Kathleen McKee

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Romantic Relationships ◽

Relationship Satisfaction ◽

Multilevel Modeling ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Well Being ◽

Longitudinal Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Over Time

Keeping secrets from one’s partner has been associated with lower well-being and relationship satisfaction. Previous research has suggested that individual differences in self-concealment account for these effects. However, we propose that the fear of discovery (FoD)—defined as the fear that one’s secret may be revealed by means other than deliberate disclosure—predicts the extent to which secrets affect well-being beyond the effects attributable to individual differences. Both a cross-sectional and a longitudinal survey (combined N = 471; 54.4% female; Mage = 39.5) of adults in romantic relationships confirmed that FoD predicted greater preoccupation with the secret, more negative affect, and less relationship satisfaction and commitment beyond that of self-concealment. Multilevel modeling in Study 2 indicated that changes in FoD predicted changes in preoccupation over time. The data are consistent with the notion that FoD promotes greater preoccupation, greater negative affect, and lower levels of relationship well-being.

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Individual differences in negative affect repair style

Motivation and Emotion ◽

10.1007/s11031-019-09752-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 517-533 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Scott H. Hemenover ◽

Colin R. Harbke

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Negative Affect

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Individual Differences in Cognitive Reappraisal Predict Emotional Experience Prior to Achievement Situations

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000231 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 144-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stefania Balzarotti ◽

Valentina Chiarella ◽

Maria Rita Ciceri

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Longitudinal Design ◽

Emotional Experience ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Time Points

Abstract. In the present study, we examined whether individual differences in the use of cognitive reappraisal predict the experience of more positive and less negative emotions prior to an evaluative task, as well as whether reappraisal is associated with better performance. In a longitudinal design, 130 students were asked to report their spontaneous use of reappraisal as well as the emotions experienced at three time points prior to an academic exam. Results showed that the use of cognitive reappraisal measured when students began to study predicted less negative and more positive emotions in the following two weeks. Further, positive and negative affect were significant predictors of the grade achieved. Finally, cognitive reappraisal had a significant indirect effect on the grade students achieved. These findings suggest that cognitive reappraisal can be effective in regulating emotions while approaching evaluative stressors.

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