Effects of mixed cropping, earthworms (Pheretima sp.), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae) on plant yield, mycorrhizal colonization rate, soil microbial biomass, and nitrogenase activity of free-living rhizosphere bacteria

The effect of reclamation treatments on seeded native grass cover and species composition, soil microbial biomass carbon, and populations of actinomycetes, fungi, free-living N2-fixing bacteria, and aerobic heterotrophic bacteria was compared in field plots in coarse taconite tailing. Reclamation treatments consisted of all possible combinations of three rates of composed yard waste, three rates of fertilizer, and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Composted yard waste increased plant cover, soil microbial biomass, and populations of all groups of microorganisms compared with unamended, non-inoculated control plots. Microbial populations and biomass in tailing plots were low compared with natural soils and were correlated with plant cover and available P. Mycorrhizal inoculation resulted in a 6% increase in plant cover, although this was not significant, and significantly enhanced N2-fixer populations in June but did not affect other groups of microorganisms. There were no differences between moderate and high rates of composted yard waste. We conclude that incorporation of a moderate rate of organic matter can ameliorate the stressful conditions of coarse taconite tailing and can enhance the initiation of a functional soil ecosystem able to support the establishment of seeded native prairie grasses and may provide a long-term solution to reclamation of taconite tailing. Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, mine reclamation, soil microorganisms, composted yard waste.

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Arbuscular mycorrhiza enhance the rate of litter decomposition while inhibiting soil microbial community development

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep42184 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Heng Gui ◽

Kevin Hyde ◽

Jianchu Xu ◽

Peter Mortimer

Keyword(s):

Microbial Biomass ◽

Litter Decomposition ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fatty Acid Analysis ◽

Available N ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Total Plfa

Abstract Although there is a growing amount of evidence that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) influence the decomposition process, the extent of their involvement remains unclear. Therefore, given this knowledge gap, our aim was to test how AMF influence the soil decomposer communities. Dual compartment microcosms, where AMF (Glomus mosseae) were either allowed access (AM+) to or excluded (AM−) from forest soil compartments containing litterbags (leaf litter from Calophyllum polyanthum) were used. The experiment ran for six months, with destructive harvests at 0, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days. For each harvest we measured AMF colonization, soil nutrients, litter mass loss, and microbial biomass (using phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA)). AMF significantly enhanced litter decomposition in the first 5 months, whilst delaying the development of total microbial biomass (represented by total PLFA) from T150 to T180. A significant decline in soil available N was observed through the course of the experiment for both treatments. This study shows that AMF have the capacity to interact with soil microbial communities and inhibit the development of fungal and bacterial groups in the soil at the later stage of the litter decomposition (180 days), whilst enhancing the rates of decomposition.

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Distribution of Soil Microbial Biomass and Free-living Nematode Population in Terrace Chronosequences of Makhtesh-Ramon Crater

Arid Land Research and Management ◽

10.1080/15324980590951342 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 197-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nosir Shukurov ◽

Stanislav Pen-Mouratov ◽

Natalia Genzer ◽

Josef Plakht ◽

Yosef Steinberger

Keyword(s):

Microbial Biomass ◽

Soil Microbial Biomass ◽

Nematode Population ◽

Free Living ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Free Living Nematode

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Effects of elevated carbon dioxide on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi activities and soil microbial properties in soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) rhizosphere

Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica ◽

10.15414/afz.2020.23.03.109-116 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 109-116

Author(s):

Nurudeen Olatunbosun Adeyemi

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Microbial Biomass ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Elevated Co2 ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Microbial Properties ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Soybean Cultivars

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) help in promoting plant growth and mediating key belowground processes, however, AMF responses to the continuous increase in the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is yet elusive. This has led to considerable interest in the impacts elevated CO2 on AMF and belowground processes in recent years. The present study investigated the effect of elevated CO2 on AMF sporulation and root colonization and soil microbial properties in the rhizosphere of soybean. The pot experiment consisted of two levels of CO2 (ambient; 350 ppm and elevated; 550 ppm) and three soybean cultivars (TGx 1440-1E, TGx 1448-2F and TGx 1480-2F) conducted in open top chambers, laid out in randomized complete block design, replicated thrice. The results showed that elevated CO2 increased the AMF spore density and root colonization of the soybean cultivars. Elevated CO2 increased the microbial biomass carbon (34.2–45.4%), microbial biomass nitrogen (44.6–54.9%), soil nitrogen (30.3–50.6%), available phosphorus (20.8–45.7%) in the rhizosphere of the soybean cultivars compared to the ambient CO2 . These could have resulted in increased plant biomass, pod number, 100-seed weight and seed yield under elevated CO2 . From the results of this study, increased atmospheric CO2 regulates AMF activities, microbial properties and improve soybean performance. Thus, this study may help to a better understanding of the responses of AMF and belowground process with increasing atmospheric CO2.

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