scholarly journals In vivo antimicrobial evaluation of an alanine-rich peptide derived from Pleuronectes americanus

Peptides ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 144-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro D. Teixeira ◽  
Osmar N. Silva ◽  
Ludovico Migliolo ◽  
Isabel C.M. Fensterseifer ◽  
Octavio L. Franco
Keyword(s):  
Pleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation

Renal sulfate secretion is carbonic anhydrase dependent in a marine teleost, Pleuronectes americanus

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (2) ◽  
pp. F288-F294 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Larry Renfro ◽  
Thomas H. Maren ◽  
Cristina Zeien ◽  
Erik R. Swenson
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Pleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Marine Teleost ◽  
Sulfate Transport ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Primary Monolayer ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Primary Monolayer Cultures

Though chemical assays indicate that carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity is present in marine teleost nephrons, CA inhibitors have no effect on urine pH or bicarbonate excretion, parameters typically CA dependent in almost all vertebrate groups. Because marine teleost renal sulfate secretion is associated with bicarbonate anion exchange, we investigated the effect of CA inhibition on transepithelial sulfate transport by flounder renal tubule primary monolayer cultures (PTC) and on renal sulfate secretion (Q˙so 4) by intact flounder. Both methazolamide and ethoxzolamide (10 μM) inhibited PTC secretory flux by ∼50%; reabsorptive sulfate flux, Na-dependent glucose transport, and transepithelial electrical resistance were unaffected. A CA inhibitor restricted to the extracellular space (10 μM polyoxyethylene-aminobenzolamide, 3.7 kDa) had no effect on PTC sulfate transport. Intravenous administration of methazolamide reducedQ˙so 4almost 40% and had no effect on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine flow rate, or Pi excretion rate. Serum pH was significantly reduced 0.2 units, whereas urine pH was unchanged. Together, the in vitro and in vivo results indicate that CA facilitates renal sulfate secretion in the seawater teleost.

scholarly journals FACILE SYNTHESIS OF IN-VIVO INSECTICIDAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF BIS HETEROCYCLIC MOIETY FROM PET WASTE

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa Mahmoud Fahim ◽  
El Sayed Mohamed Yakout ◽  
Galal Abd ElMohein Nawwar
Keyword(s):  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Pet Waste ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation ◽  
Heterocyclic Moiety

scholarly journals Design, Sustainable Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial Evaluation and in silico ADMET Prediction of New Functionalized Imidazolium Based Ionic Liquids

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1972-1980
Author(s):  
Anas R. Al Johani ◽  
Saud M. Almutairi ◽  
Wael S. El-Sayed ◽  
Pramod K. Sahu ◽  
Praveen K. Sahu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Phenyl Group ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Spectral Techniques ◽  
In Silico Admet ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation ◽  
Ft Ir

A series of sixteen new ionic liquids (ILs) bearing imidazolium moiety were designed and synthesized under sustainable and green conditions which were confirmed by analytical and spectral techniques using 1H- & 13C-NMR, FT-IR, mass and elemental analysis. A panel of clinically isolated strains was used for in vitro inhibitory antimicrobial activities screening of synthesized ionic liquids. The results of antimicrobial assay showed that some of synthesized ionic liquids showed moderate to good activity. Among these ILs, ionic liquids 3, 4 and 5 (bearing alkyl chain with a phenyl group) significantly inhibited cell growth of strains. In this regard, these ionic liquids considered as promising antibacterial agents when compared with standard antibiotics. By encouraging in vitro antimicrobial screening, in silico ADMET evaluation has been performed and found excellent pharmacokinetic, bioavailability and toxicity profiles. Synthesized ionic liquids has found to be safe and non-toxic according to calculated in vivo computed LD50 values (2.49-2.80 mg/kg) for rat acute toxicity.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo toxicity and antibacterial efficacy of melittin against clinical extensively drug-resistant bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin Askari ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Namaei ◽  
Kiarash Ghazvini ◽  
Mehran Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation

Abstract Background Melittin is one of the most studied antimicrobial peptides, and several in vitro experiments have demonstrated its antibacterial efficacy. However, there is evidence showing melittin has non-promising effects such as cytotoxicity and hemolysis. Therefore, concerns about unwanted collateral toxicity of melittin lie ahead in the path toward its clinical development. With these considerations, the present study aimed to fill the gap between in vitro and in vivo studies. Methods In the first step, in vitro toxicity profile of melittin was assessed using cytotoxicity and hemolysis tests. Next, a maximum intraperitoneal (i.p.) sub-lethal dose was determined using BALB/c mice. Besides toxicity, antimicrobial efficacy of melittin against extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumonia (KPC-KP) pathogens were tested using both in vitro and in vivo methods. Results Melittin showed extensive hemolysis (HD50 = 0.44 µg/mL), and cytotoxicity (IC50 = 6.45 µg/mL) activities with i.p. LD50 value of 4.98 mg/kg in BALB/c mice. In vitro antimicrobial evaluation showed melittin MIC range from 8 to 32 µg/mL for the studied pathogens. Treatment of infected mice with repeated sub-lethal doses of melittin (2.4 mg/kg) displayed no beneficial effect on their survival and peritoneal bacterial loads. Conclusions These results indicate that melittin at its safe dose could not exhibit antimicrobial activity, which hinders its application in clinical practice.

Responsiveness to noradrenaline of melanophores associated with cryptic patterning in winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus, in vitro

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1837-1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Vokey ◽  
D Burton
Keyword(s):  
Winter Flounder ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Component Part ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Pleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Concentration Threshold ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine

The cryptic patterning processes of flatfish raise interesting questions about the regulatory mechanisms involved. Winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus, can display cryptic patterns that have dark band, general background, and white spot components with different responsiveness in vivo to background and stress. In vitro the white spot melanophores display a concentration threshold to noradrenaline approximately 50 times higher than that for the other two pattern components. Completion of melanosome aggregation in response to 10-5 M noradrenaline is fastest for white spot melanophores and slowest for those from the dark bands. This difference is related to melanophore size and is in the same relative order as in vivo. Short-term (44-48 h) denervation with 6-hydroxydopamine and longer term (9-10 days) degeneration of nerve terminals in HAM F-12 medium affect melanophore responses differently according to the pattern component. These results demonstrate that differential activity associated with flatfish patterning includes a peripheral neuroeffector component, part of which is directly associated with the melanophores.

Fine Structural Changes in the Microvasculature of the Mouse Pinna: Aging and Radiation Injury

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
S. Phyllis Steamer ◽  
Rosemarie L. Devine
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Arterial Stenosis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Surrounding Connective Tissue ◽  
Fission Neutrons ◽  
Total Body

The importance of radiation damage to the skin and its vasculature was recognized by the early radiologists. In more recent studies, vascular effects were shown to involve the endothelium as well as the surrounding connective tissue. Microvascular changes in the mouse pinna were studied in vivo and recorded photographically over a period of 12-18 months. Radiation treatment at 110 days of age was total body exposure to either 240 rad fission neutrons or 855 rad 60Co gamma rays. After in vivo observations in control and irradiated mice, animals were sacrificed for examination of changes in vascular fine structure. Vessels were selected from regions of specific interest that had been identified on photomicrographs. Prominent ultrastructural changes can be attributed to aging as well as to radiation treatment. Of principal concern were determinations of ultrastructural changes associated with venous dilatations, segmental arterial stenosis and tortuosities of both veins and arteries, effects that had been identified on the basis of light microscopic observations. Tortuosities and irregularly dilated vein segments were related to both aging and radiation changes but arterial stenosis was observed only in irradiated animals.

Induction and Differentiation of Dental Epithelium in Vivo and in Vitro

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
E. J. Kollar
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Functional Derivatives ◽  
Specific Source ◽  
Dental Epithelium ◽  
Connective Tissue Stroma

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.

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