Transcription factor GLIS3: Critical roles in thyroid hormone biosynthesis, hypothyroidism, pancreatic beta cells and diabetes

Congenital hypothyroid (CH) is a Hormonal disorder that can be caused by thyroid gland dysfunction and if not treated early on, will cause serious mental and physical growth disorders. CH is divided into permanent and transient forms which etiologically can be divided into primary, secondary or peripheral. Thyroid dysgenesis is the primary cause and 85% of permanent CH is with abnormalities of thyroid hormone biosynthesis from birth (dishormongeneses). The incidence of dysgenesis accounts for 10-15% of cases. Transient congenital thyroid occurs mostly in infants with preterm birth in low-iodine endemic areas. A study showed a permanent incidence of CH 1: 1500 and transient CH 1: 300 in one of the areas with iodine deficiency in Central Java.Survival analysis showed that the risk of developing mental retardation and delayed physical growth was greater at the age of diagnosis over 1 year.

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NADPH oxidases (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology CITE ◽

10.2218/gtopdb/f993/2019.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Albert Van der Vliet

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Thyroid Gland ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Nadph Oxidases ◽

Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis ◽

Production Of Hydrogen ◽

Nadph Oxidase Complex ◽

Hormone Biosynthesis

The two DUOX enzymes were originally identified as participating in the production of hydrogen peroxide as a pre-requisite for thyroid hormone biosynthesis in the thyroid gland [6].NOX enzymes function to catalyse the reduction of molecular oxygen to superoxide and various other reactive oxygen species (ROS). They are subunits of the NADPH oxidase complex.

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Iodine: Symporter and Oxidation, Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis

Encyclopedia of Hormones ◽

10.1016/b0-12-341103-3/00180-7 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 517-522

Author(s):

Krista M.D. La Perle ◽

Sissy M. Jhiang

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis ◽

Hormone Biosynthesis

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Congenital Hypothyroidism

10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0058 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Mary Lee Gregory

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽

Hormone Treatment ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Congenital Defects ◽

Central Hypothyroidism ◽

Severe Intellectual Disability ◽

Iodine Supplementation ◽

Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis ◽

Hormone Biosynthesis

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) results from the effects of insufficient thyroid hormone on the developing fetus and infant, and is characterized by severe intellectual disability and growth inhibition. CH can result from maternal iodine deficiency, which can be abolished by appropriate dietary iodine supplementation. Alternately, CH may be caused by congenital defects of the thyroid gland and thyroid hormone biosynthesis abnormalities (primary congenital hypothyroidism), or by “central hypothyroidism,” in which the brain produces insufficient thyroid stimulating hormone. Treatment of these latter etiologies requires administration of thyroid hormone.

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Thyroid Peroxidase Revisited – Whatʼs New?

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/a-1057-9469 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (12) ◽

pp. 765-769 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marlena Godlewska ◽

Damian Gawel ◽

Ashley M. Buckle ◽

J. Paul Banga

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis ◽

Hormone Biosynthesis ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Thyroid Dysfunctions

AbstractThyroid peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme that participates in thyroid hormone biosynthesis. TPO is also a major autoantigen in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). In this review, we summarize the latest developments in the field of TPO research. We present the current understanding of immunodominant serologic determinants, frequency of TPO-specific autoantibodies in the population, as well as genetic and environmental factors contributing to their development. Moreover, we report recent progress in the clinical utilities of TPO autoantibody testing, including thyroid dysfunctions and extra-thyroidal disorders.

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