Toxicology of flavoring- and cannabis-containing e-liquids used in electronic delivery systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 107838
Author(s):  
Aleksandr B. Stefaniak ◽  
Ryan F. LeBouf ◽  
Anand C. Ranpara ◽  
Stephen S. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Electronic Delivery

Discussions and Misinformation about Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and COVID-19 on Twitter (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Sidani ◽  
Beth Hoffman ◽  
Jason Colditz ◽  
Riley Wolynn ◽  
Lily Hsiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Early Presentation ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
Ideal Tool ◽  
Use Behavior ◽  
Electronic Delivery ◽  
Health Messaging

BACKGROUND There exists an alarming amount of misinformation and conspiracy theories related to COVID-19 and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). Some of this may stem from early reports suggesting a lower risk of severe COVID-19 in nicotine users. Additionally, a common conspiracy is that the E-cigarette, or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) outbreak of 2019 was actually an early presentation of COVID19 disease. This may have severe public health ramifications for both COVID-19 control and electronic delivery systems (ENDS) use. OBJECTIVE Twitter is an ideal tool for analyzing real-time public discussions related to both ENDS and COVID-19. This study sought to collect and classify Twitter messages (“tweets”) related to ENDS and COVID-19 to inform public health messaging. METHODS Approximately 2.1 million tweets matching ENDS-related keywords were collected from 3/1/2020 through 6/30/2020 and were then filtered for COVID-19-related keywords, resulting in 67,321 original tweets. A 5% subsample (n=3,366) was obtained for human coding using a systematically- developed codebook. Tweets were coded for relevance to the topic and four overarching categories. RESULTS A total of 1,930 (57.3%) tweets were coded as relevant to the research topic. Half (52.2%) of these discussed an association between ENDS use and COVID-19 susceptibility or severity, with 42.4% suggesting that ENDS use is associated with worse COVID-19 symptoms. One-quarter (24.8%) of tweets discussed the similarity/dissimilarity of COVID-19 and EVALI, and 13.8% discussed ENDS use behavior. Misinformation and conspiracy theories were present throughout all coding categories. CONCLUSIONS Discussions about ENDS use and COVID-19 on Twitter frequently highlight concerns about the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 for ENDS users, however, many contain misinformation and conspiracy theories. Public health messaging should capitalize on these concerns and amplify accurate Twitter messaging.

Requirements and Properties of Qualified Electronic Delivery Systems in eGovernment

2012 ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Arne Tauber
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Abstract Level ◽  
Electronic Delivery

Electronic mailing systems are the dominant communication systems in private and business matters. Public administrations deliver documents to citizens and businesses—subpoenas, legal verdicts, notifications, administrative penalties, and so forth. However, official activities are more strongly bound to legal regulations than in civil law. Delivery of crucial and personal documents raises the demand for qualified identification and non-repudiation services as featured by registered and certified mail in the paper world. Legal requirements for electronic delivery carried out by public administrations (eDelivery) cannot be fulfilled by standard mailing systems. Although the requirements for eDelivery systems may differ due to national legal regulations, this paper discusses common requirements and properties on an abstract level. Moreover, the author shows how these requirements have been addressed by introducing the Austrian eDelivery system for eGovernment applications.

Requirements and Properties of Qualified Electronic Delivery Systems in eGovernment

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Tauber
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Abstract Level ◽  
Electronic Delivery

Electronic mailing systems are the dominant communication systems in private and business matters. Public administrations deliver documents to citizens and businesses—subpoenas, legal verdicts, notifications, administrative penalties, and so forth. However, official activities are more strongly bound to legal regulations than in civil law. Delivery of crucial and personal documents raises the demand for qualified identification and non-repudiation services as featured by registered and certified mail in the paper world. Legal requirements for electronic delivery carried out by public administrations (eDelivery) cannot be fulfilled by standard mailing systems. Although the requirements for eDelivery systems may differ due to national legal regulations, this paper discusses common requirements and properties on an abstract level. Moreover, the author shows how these requirements have been addressed by introducing the Austrian eDelivery system for eGovernment applications.

Techniques For The Preparation of Tissue Samples Containing Injectable Polymer Microcapsules

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 710-711
Author(s):  
G.E. Visscher ◽  
R. L. Robison ◽  
G. J. Argentieri
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Injectable Polymer ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

The use of various bioerodable polymers as drug delivery systems has gained considerable interest in recent years. Among some of the shapes used as delivery systems are films, rods and microcapsules. The work presented here will deal with the techniques we have utilized for the analysis of the tissue reaction to and actual biodegradation of injectable microcapsules. This work has utilized light microscopic (LM), transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopic techniques. The design of our studies has utilized methodology that would; 1. best characterize the actual degradation process without artifacts introduced by fixation procedures and 2. allow for reproducible results.In our studies, the gastrocnemius muscle of the rat was chosen as the injection site. Prior to the injection of microcapsules the skin above the sites was shaved and tattooed for later recognition and recovery. 1.0 cc syringes were loaded with the desired quantity of microcapsules and the vehicle (0.5% hydroxypropylmethycellulose) drawn up. The syringes were agitated to suspend the microcapsules in the injection vehicle.

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