scholarly journals Understanding the Heart-Brain Axis Response in COVID-19 patients: a Suggestive Perspective for Therapeutic Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 105581
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Lionetti ◽  
Sveva Bollini ◽  
Raffaele Coppini ◽  
Andrea Gerbino ◽  
Alessandra Ghigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Development

Targeted D4 Dopamine Receptors: Implications for Drug Discovery and Therapeutic Development

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radek Ptacek ◽  
Hana Kuzelova ◽  
George B. Stefano ◽  
Jiri Raboch ◽  
Richard M. Kream
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Dopamine Receptors ◽  
Therapeutic Development

Design and Biological Evaluation of Novel Imidazolyl Flavonoids as Potent and Selective Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitors

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Y. Han ◽  
Yu Ge ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Qing M. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Protein Tyrosine ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
Chemical Studies

Background: Protein tyrosine phosphatases 1B are considered to be a desirable validated target for therapeutic development of type II diabetes and obesity. Methods: A new series of imidazolyl flavonoids as potential protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors were synthesized and evaluated. Results: Bioactive results indicated that some synthesized compounds exhibited potent protein phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activities at the micromolar range. Especially, compound 8b showed the best inhibitory activity (IC50=1.0 µM) with 15-fold selectivity for PTP1B over the closely related T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP). Cell viability assays indicated that 8b is cell permeable with lower cytotoxicity. Molecular modeling and dynamics studies revealed the reason for selectivity of PTP1B over TCPTP. Quantum chemical studies were carried out on these compounds to understand the structural features essential for activity. Conclusion: Compound 8b should be a potential selective PTP1B inhibitor.

scholarly journals Overview on the Different Patterns of Tumor Vascularization

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Domenico Ribatti ◽  
Francesco Pezzella
Keyword(s):  
Vasculogenic Mimicry ◽  
Endothelial Cell Proliferation ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Tumor Vascularization ◽  
Angiogenic Therapy ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Inhibition Of Angiogenesis ◽  
Therapeutic Development

Angiogenesis is a crucial event in the physiological processes of embryogenesis and wound healing. During malignant transformation, dysregulation of angiogenesis leads to the formation of a vascular network of tumor-associated capillaries promoting survival and proliferation of the tumor cells. Starting with the hypothesis formulated by Judah Folkman that tumor growth is angiogenesis-dependent, this area of research has a solid scientific foundation and inhibition of angiogenesis is a major area of therapeutic development for the treatment of cancer. Over this period numerous authors published data of vascularization of tumors, which attributed the cause of neo-vascularization to various factors including inflammation, release of angiogenic cytokines, vasodilatation, and increased tumor metabolism. More recently, it has been demonstrated that tumor vasculature is not necessarily derived by endothelial cell proliferation and sprouting of new capillaries, but alternative vascularization mechanisms have been described, namely vascular co-option and vasculogenic mimicry. In this article, we have analyzed the mechanisms involved in tumor vascularization in association with classical angiogenesis, including post-natal vasculogenesis, intussusceptive microvascular growth, vascular co-option, and vasculogenic mimicry. We have also discussed the role of these alternative mechanism in resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy and potential therapeutic approaches to overcome resistance.

scholarly journals Senescence under appraisal: hopes and challenges revisited

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla S. A. Davan-Wetton ◽  
Emanuela Pessolano ◽  
Mauro Perretti ◽  
Trinidad Montero-Melendez
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Favourable Outcome ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
The Right ◽  
Inflammation Resolution

AbstractIn recent years, cellular senescence has become the focus of attention in multiple areas of biomedical research. Typically defined as an irreversible cell cycle arrest accompanied by increased cellular growth, metabolic activity and by a characteristic messaging secretome, cellular senescence can impact on multiple physiological and pathological processes such as wound healing, fibrosis, cancer and ageing. These unjustly called ‘zombie cells’ are indeed a rich source of opportunities for innovative therapeutic development. In this review, we collate the current understanding of the process of cellular senescence and its two-faced nature, i.e. beneficial/detrimental, and reason this duality is linked to contextual aspects. We propose the senescence programme as an endogenous pro-resolving mechanism that may lead to sustained inflammation and damage when dysregulated or when senescent cells are not cleared efficiently. This pro-resolving model reconciles the paradoxical two faces of senescence by emphasising that it is the unsuccessful completion of the programme, and not senescence itself, what leads to pathology. Thus, pro-senescence therapies under the right context, may favour inflammation resolution. We also review the evidence for the multiple therapeutic approaches under development based on senescence, including its induction, prevention, clearance and the use of senolytic and senomorphic drugs. In particular, we highlight the importance of the immune system in the favourable outcome of senescence and the implications of an inefficient immune surveillance in completion of the senescent cycle. Finally, we identify and discuss a number of challenges and existing gaps to encourage and stimulate further research in this exciting and unravelled field, with the hope of promoting and accelerating the clinical success of senescence-based therapies.

scholarly journals Advances in the Regulation of Mammalian Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1134
Author(s):  
Hao-Qi Wang ◽  
Wei-Di Zhang ◽  
Bao Yuan ◽  
Jia-Bao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Β Subunit ◽  
Glycoprotein Hormone ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Biological Specificity ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Mammalian reproduction is mainly driven and regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which is synthesized and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, is a key regulator that ultimately affects animal fertility. As a dimeric glycoprotein hormone, the biological specificity of FSH is mainly determined by the β subunit. As research techniques are being continuously innovated, studies are exploring the underlying molecular mechanism regulating the secretion of mammalian FSH. This article will review the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways systematically regulating FSH synthesis and will present the latest hypothesis about the nuclear cross-talk among the various endocrine-induced pathways for transcriptional regulation of the FSH β subunit. This article will provide novel ideas and potential targets for the improved use of FSH in livestock breeding and therapeutic development.

scholarly journals Nitroaromatic Antibiotics as Nitrogen Oxide Sources

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Allison M. Rice ◽  
Yueming Long ◽  
S. Bruce King
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Reductive Metabolism

Nitroaromatic antibiotics show activity against anaerobic bacteria and parasites, finding use in the treatment of Heliobacter pylori infections, tuberculosis, trichomoniasis, human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. Despite this activity and a clear need for the development of new treatments for these conditions, the associated toxicity and lack of clear mechanisms of action have limited their therapeutic development. Nitroaromatic antibiotics require reductive bioactivation for activity and this reductive metabolism can convert the nitro group to nitric oxide (NO) or a related reactive nitrogen species (RNS). As nitric oxide plays important roles in the defensive immune response to bacterial infection through both signaling and redox-mediated pathways, defining controlled NO generation pathways from these antibiotics would allow the design of new therapeutics. This review focuses on the release of nitrogen oxide species from various nitroaromatic antibiotics to portend the increased ability for these compounds to positively impact infectious disease treatment.

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