Differential role of calcium-activated potassium channels in regulation of nitric oxide synthesis by insulin in endothelial cells from gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, represents one of the most common maternal-fetal complications during pregnancy and it is associated with poor perinatal outcomes. To date, GDM is a rising condition over the last decades coinciding with the ongoing epidemic of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Objective: The aim of this review is to discuss the role of diet and nutritional interventions in preventing GDM with the explanation of the special role of myo-inositol (MI) in this matter. Methods: We performed an overview of the most recent literature data on the subject with particular attention to the effectiveness of diet and nutritional interventions in the prevention of GDM with the special role of MI. Results: Nutritional intervention and physical activity before and during pregnancy are mandatory in women affected by GDM. Moreover, the availability of insulin-sensitizers such as different forms of inositol has dramatically changed the scenario, allowing the treatment of several metabolic diseases, such as those related to glucose dysbalance. Although the optimal dose, frequency, and form of MI administration need to be further investigated, diet supplementation with MI appears to be an attractive alternative for the GDM prevention as well as for the reduction of GDM-related complications. Conclusion: More studies should be conducted to prove the most effective nutritional intervention in GDM. Regarding the potential effectiveness of MI, further evidence in multicenter, randomized controlled trials is needed to draw firm conclusions.

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Fetoplacental Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction as an Early Phenomenon in the Programming of Human Adult Diseases in Subjects Born from Gestational Diabetes Mellitus or Obesity in Pregnancy

Experimental Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2011/349286 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Andrea Leiva ◽

Fabián Pardo ◽

Marco A. Ramírez ◽

Marcelo Farías ◽

Paola Casanello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Convincing Evidence ◽

Amino Acid Transporters ◽

Pathological State ◽

Metabolic Marker ◽

Obesity In Pregnancy ◽

In Pregnancy

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and obesity in pregnancy (OP) are pathological conditions associated with placenta vascular dysfunction coursing with metabolic changes at the fetoplacental microvascular and macrovascular endothelium. These alterations are seen as abnormal expression and activity of the cationic amino acid transporters and endothelial nitric oxide synthase isoform, that is, the “endothelial L-arginine/nitric oxide signalling pathway.” Several studies suggest that the endogenous nucleoside adenosine along with insulin, and potentially arginases, are factors involved in GDM-, but much less information regards their role in OP-associated placental vascular alterations. There is convincing evidence that GDM and OP prone placental endothelium to an “altered metabolic state” leading to fetal programming evidenced at birth, a phenomenon associated with future development of chronic diseases. In this paper it is suggested that this pathological state could be considered as a metabolic marker that could predict occurrence of diseases in adulthood, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes mellitus (including gestational diabetes), and metabolic syndrome.

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The Role of Irisin in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Review

Endocrinology & Metabolic Syndrome ◽

10.4172/2161-1017.1000138 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 03 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Charlotte Ramin

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

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Assessment of role of serum uric acid as a predictor of gestational diabetes mellitus

International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology ◽

10.33545/gynae.2021.v5.i5a.1012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 33-35

Author(s):

Dr. Lavee Mehrotra ◽

Dr. Seema Mishra

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Serum Uric Acid

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The Role of IL-37 and IL-38 in Obstetrics Abnormalities

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.737084 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Mei Wang

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Inflammatory Mediator ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Medical Practitioners ◽

Minimal Difference ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Umbilical Cords

There are two fairly common complications during pregnancy, i.e., gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pre-eclampsia, which are independent, but are also closely linked in prevalence in pregnant women, with potential serious adverse consequences. IL-37 and IL-38, which belong to the IL-1 superfamily, participate in anti-inflammatory responses. Dysregulation of IL-37 and IL-38 has been observed in many auto-immune diseases. IL-37 is substantially reduced in the umbilical cords and placentas of GDM subjects, but IL-37 is significantly induced in the placentas of pre-eclampsia patients, suggesting there are differential regulatory roles of IL-37 in obstetrics, despite IL-37 being an anti-inflammatory mediator. Furthermore, IL-38 is substantially increased in the umbilical cords and placentas of GDM subjects, but minimal difference is observed in the placentas from pre-eclampsia patients. These data imply that IL-38 is also regulated independently within the diseased placentas. This review provides some insight for both basic scientists and medical practitioners to manage these patients effectively.

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