Research on the formation mechanism of magnetized water used to wet coal dust based on experiment and simulation investigation on its molecular structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 391 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Qun Zhou ◽  
Botao Qin ◽  
Huixiang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Coal Dust ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Magnetized Water ◽  
Experiment And Simulation ◽  
Wet Coal

The structure formation mechanism in wet coal fines briquetting with an active binder

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Nifontov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Formation ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Coal Dust ◽  
Closed Surface ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Coal Particles ◽  
Coal Fines ◽  
Wet Coal

This paper presents the results of studies of the structure formation mechanism for briquettes made from coal fines (sludge, coal dust, and fines), with the use of powdered technical lignosulfonate (100 % Na base) as the binder. It has been established that, when briquetting fine coal fines with active finely-dispersed binders in an air-dry state, the structure formation mechanism of the briquette does not fully align with any of the existing hypotheses. As a result of the research, a theoretical substantiation is proposed for the hypothesis of wet coal sludge briquetting with the use of active finelydispersed binders in an air-dry state. It has been shown that the walls of capillaries and pores in the central part of the briquette experience precipitation from the fluid systems, dissolved by internal moisture, and of coarse particles and a certain amount of the binder entrained in the fluid. Further, a lean fluid advances to the surface of the briquette, consisting mainly of moisture and an excess amount of the active binder, dissolved in it. In the near-surface compacted area of the briquette, the binder is adsorbed on coal particles and the moisture released in the process of thermal destruction and adsorption evaporates. The practical use of the concepts obtained allows controlling the structure formation processes to improve strength without increasing the binder content through layer-by-layer reinforcement of the briquette mass with a closed surface, which significantly improves the process results.

Crystal and Molecular Structures of Novel Metal–Carbene Complexes IV. Effect of Carbonyl Groups and Formation Mechanism

1996 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2771-2780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Manabe ◽  
Masanori Yasui ◽  
Hideyuki Nishiyama ◽  
Souichi Shimamoto ◽  
Noboru Matsumura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Carbene Complexes ◽  
Crystal And Molecular Structures

Electron Microscopy in Molecular Biology

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Cecil E. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Shadow Casting ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

The visualization of organic macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, viruses and virus components has reached its high degree of effectiveness owing to refinements and reliability of instruments and to the invention of methods for enhancing the structure of these materials within the electron image. The latter techniques have been most important because what can be seen depends upon the molecular and atomic character of the object as modified which is rarely evident in the pristine material. Structure may thus be displayed by the arts of positive and negative staining, shadow casting, replication and other techniques. Enhancement of contrast, which delineates bounds of isolated macromolecules has been effected progressively over the years as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 by these methods. We now look to the future wondering what other visions are waiting to be seen. The instrument designers will need to exact from the arts of fabrication the performance that theory has prescribed as well as methods for phase and interference contrast with explorations of the potentialities of very high and very low voltages. Chemistry must play an increasingly important part in future progress by providing specific stain molecules of high visibility, substrates of vanishing “noise” level and means for preservation of molecular structures that usually exist in a solvated condition.

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of DNA and RNA

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Arscott ◽  
Gil Lee ◽  
Victor A. Bloomfield ◽  
D. Fennell Evans
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

STM is one of the most promising techniques available for visualizing the fine details of biomolecular structure. It has been used to map the surface topography of inorganic materials in atomic dimensions, and thus has the resolving power not only to determine the conformation of small molecules but to distinguish site-specific features within a molecule. That level of detail is of critical importance in understanding the relationship between form and function in biological systems. The size, shape, and accessibility of molecular structures can be determined much more accurately by STM than by electron microscopy since no staining, shadowing or labeling with heavy metals is required, and there is no exposure to damaging radiation by electrons. Crystallography and most other physical techniques do not give information about individual molecules.We have obtained striking images of DNA and RNA, using calf thymus DNA and two synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dG-me5dC)·poly(dG-me5dC) and poly(rA)·poly(rU).

Molecular architecture and functions of the neuronal cytoskeleton

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Nobutaka Hirokawa
Keyword(s):  
Major Elements ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Organelle Transport ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Neuronal Morphogenesis ◽  
Microtubule Associated Proteins ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
And Function ◽  
Small Clusters

In this symposium I will present our studies about the molecular architecture and function of the cytomatrix of the nerve cells. The nerve cell is a highly polarized cell composed of highly branched dendrites, cell body, and a single long axon along the direction of the impulse propagation. Each part of the neuron takes characteristic shapes for which the cytoskeleton provides the framework. The neuronal cytoskeletons play important roles on neuronal morphogenesis, organelle transport and the synaptic transmission. In the axon neurofilaments (NF) form dense arrays, while microtubules (MT) are arranged as small clusters among the NFs. On the other hand, MTs are distributed uniformly, whereas NFs tend to run solitarily or form small fascicles in the dendrites Quick freeze deep etch electron microscopy revealed various kinds of strands among MTs, NFs and membranous organelles (MO). These structures form major elements of the cytomatrix in the neuron. To investigate molecular nature and function of these filaments first we studied molecular structures of microtubule associated proteins (MAP1A, MAP1B, MAP2, MAP2C and tau), and microtubules reconstituted from MAPs and tubulin in vitro. These MAPs were all fibrous molecules with different length and formed arm like projections from the microtubule surface.

Toxicity of Heparinoids, with Special Reference to the Precipitation of Fibrinogen

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 232-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sasaki ◽  
T Takemoto ◽  
S Oka
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Severe Reaction ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Close Relationship

SummaryTo demonstrate whether the intravascular precipitation of fibrinogen is responsible for the toxicity of heparinoid, the relation between the toxicity of heparinoid in vivo and the precipitation of fibrinogen in vitro was investigated, using dextran sulfate of various molecular weights and various heparinoids.1. There are close relationships between the molecular weight of dextran sulfate, its toxicity, and the quantity of fibrinogen precipitated.2. The close relationship between the toxicity and the precipitation of fibrinogen found for dextran sulfate holds good for other heparinoids regardless of their molecular structures.3. Histological findings suggest strongly that the pathological changes produced with dextran sulfate are caused primarily by the intravascular precipitates with occlusion of the capillaries.From these facts, it is concluded that the precipitates of fibrinogen with heparinoid may be the cause or at least the major cause of the toxicity of heparinoid.4. The most suitable molecular weight of dextran sulfate for clinical use was found to be 5,300 ~ 6,700, from the maximum value of the product (LD50 · Anticoagulant activity). This product (LD50 · Anticoagulant activity) can be employed generally to assess the comparative merits of various heparinoids.5. Clinical use of the dextran sulfate prepared on this basis gave satisfactory results. No severe reaction was observed. However, two delayed reactions, alopecia and thrombocytopenia, were observed. These two reactions seem to come from the cause other than intravascular precipitation.

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