Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats in China from 2010 to 2020: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Introduction Infections caused by Toxoplasma gondii is a great public health concern worldwide. Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women may result in abortion, stillbirth, or lifelong disabilities of the fetus. Serologic studies have reported various estimates for seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among African pregnant women. Estimation of the pooled seroprevalence of this infection is necessary for policy-making and target intervention. Methods We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. A rigorous literature selection was performed by using the databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect for the period Jan 1, 2001, to July 31, 2019. Sero-prevalence with 95% CI was presented for each study, and point estimates and their 95% CIs of pooled seroprevalence was then calculated. Findings The search process resulted in the inclusion of a total of 36 studies in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Immunoglobulin G (IgG) in Africa was found to be 46.7% (95%CI: 37.0, 56.4). Geographical-based subgroup analysis showed that the seroprevalence of T. gondii among pregnant women was found to be 65.1% (95% CI: 44.7, 85.5), 50.2% (95% CI: 32.0, 68.3), 47.8% (95% CI: 31.7, 63.8), 38.3% (95% CI: 25.2, 51.4) and 5.8% (95% CI: 3.6, 8.1) in Central, Eastern, Northern, Western and Southern Africa respectively. The most common risk factors for T. gondii were living or contact with cat and consumption of raw vegetables or fruits. Conclusion The current systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a high seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women. There is a need to establish prevention and control measures that should be directed to educational programs. We recommend that periodic screenings for Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women should be incorporated into routine clinical care in order to avoid serious clinical complications of mother and fetus.

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Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Schizophrenia Bulletin Open ◽

10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Arjen L Sutterland ◽

David A Mounir ◽

Juul J Ribbens ◽

Bouke Kuiper ◽

Tom van Gool ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Publication Bias ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Duration Of Illness ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Abstract Schizophrenia is associated with an increased prevalence of IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii seropositivity), whereby the infection seems to precede the disorder. However, it remains unclear whether a T. gondii infection affects clinical characteristics of schizophrenia. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA guidelines examining the association between T. gondii seropositivity and severity of total, positive, or negative symptoms or age of onset in schizophrenia. PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo were systematically searched up to June 23, 2019 (PROSPERO #CRD42018087766). Random-effects models were used for analysis. Furthermore, the influence of potential moderators was analyzed. Indications for publication bias were examined. From a total of 934 reports, 13 studies were included. No overall effect on severity of total, positive, or negative symptoms was found. However, in patients with a shorter duration of illness T. gondii seropositivity was associated with more severe positive symptoms (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.32; P < .001). Similar but smaller effects were seen for total symptoms, while it was absent for negative symptoms. Additionally, a significantly higher age of onset was found in those with T. gondii seropositivity (1.8 y, P = .015), although this last finding was probably influenced by publication bias and study quality. Taken together, these findings indicate that T. gondii infection has a modest effect on the severity of positive and total symptoms in schizophrenia among those in the early stages of the disorder. This supports the hypothesis that T. gondii infection is causally related to schizophrenia, although more research remains necessary.

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Microbial Pathogenesis ◽

10.1016/j.micpath.2019.01.040 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 129 ◽

pp. 30-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Davood Anvari ◽

Mehdi Sharif ◽

Shahabeddin Sarvi ◽

Sargis A. Aghayan ◽

Shirzad Gholami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

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Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in chickens in China during 1993–2021: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Parasitology Research ◽

10.1007/s00436-021-07334-1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Lan-Bi Nie ◽

Qing-Long Gong ◽

Qi Wang ◽

Rui Zhang ◽

Jun-Feng Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

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Is there any association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0218524 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. e0218524 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tooran Nayeri Chegeni ◽

Mehdi Sharif ◽

Shahabeddin Sarvi ◽

Mahmood Moosazadeh ◽

Mahbobeh Montazeri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

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Is there any association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and bipolar disorder? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2016.11.016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 209 ◽

pp. 59-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

João Luís Vieira Monteiro de Barros ◽

Izabela Guimarães Barbosa ◽

Haitham Salem ◽

Natalia Pessoa Rocha ◽

Arthur Kummer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

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Toxoplasma gondii infection and food consumption: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-controlled studies

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition ◽

10.1080/10408398.2017.1352563 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 58 (18) ◽

pp. 3085-3096 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Simone Belluco ◽

Giulia Simonato ◽

Marzia Mancin ◽

Mario Pietrobelli ◽

Antonia Ricci

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

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Potential risk factors associated with seropositivity for Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women and HIV infected individuals in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0008944 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. e0008944

Author(s):

Zewdu Seyoum Tarekegn ◽

Haileyesus Dejene ◽

Agerie Addisu ◽

Shimelis Dagnachew

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Published Data ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Women And Hiv

Background Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular and neurotropic apicomplexan protozoan parasite infecting almost all warm-blooded vertebrates including humans. To date in Ethiopia, no systematic study has been investigated on the overall effects of potential risk factors associated with seropositivity for Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women and HIV infected individuals. We intended to determine the potential risk factors (PRFs) associated with seropositivity for Toxoplasma gondii from published data among pregnant women and HIV infected individuals of Ethiopia. Methodology An systematic review of the previous reports was made. We searched PubMed, Science Direct, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar for studies with no restriction on the year of publication. All references were screened independently in duplicate and were included if they presented data on at least two risk factors. Meta-analysis using the random or fixed-effects model was made to calculate the overall effects for each exposure. Results Of the 216 records identified, twenty-four reports met our eligibility criteria, with a total of 6003 individuals (4356 pregnant women and 1647 HIV infected individuals). The pooled prevalences of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were found at 72.5% (95% CI: 58.7% - 83.1%) in pregnant women and 85.7% (95% CI: 76.3% - 91.8%) in HIV infected individuals. A significant overall effect of anti-Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity among pregnant women (p < 0.05) was witnessed with age, abortion history, contact with cats, cat ownership, having knowledge about toxoplasmosis, being a housewife and having unsafe water source. Age, cat ownership, and raw meat consumption were also shown a significant effect (p < 0.05) to anti-Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity among HIV infected individuals. Conclusions This review showed gaps and drawbacks in the earlier studies that are useful to keep in mind to design accurate investigations in the future. The pooled prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies was found to be higher among pregnant women and HIV infected individuals. This suggests that thousands of immunocompromised individuals (pregnant women and HIV infected patients) are at risk of toxoplasmosis due to the sociocultural and living standards of the communities of Ethiopia. Appropriate preventive measures are needed to reduce the exposure to Toxoplasma gondii infection. Further studies to investigate important risk factors are recommended to support the development of more cost-effective preventive strategies.

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