Synthesis of Renewable Diesel through Hydrodeoxygenation Using Pd/zeolite Catalysts

As with all techniques which are relatively new and therefore underutilized, diamond knife sectioning in the physical sciences continues to see both developments of the technique and novel applications.Technique Developments Development of specific orientation/embedding procedures for small pieces of awkward shape is exemplified by the work of Bradley et al on large, rather fragile particles of nuclear waste glass. At the same time, the frequent problem of pullout with large particles can be reduced by roughening of the particle surface, and a proven methodology using a commercial coupling agent developed for glasses has been utilized with good results on large zeolite catalysts. The same principle (using acid etches) should work for ceramic fibres or metal wires which may only partially pull out but result in unacceptably thick sections. Researchers from the life sciences continue to develop aspects of embedding media which may be applicable to certain cases in the physical sciences.

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Renewable Diesel Blendstocks and Biopriviliged Chemicals Distilled from Algal Biocrude Oil Converted via Hydrothermal Liquefaction

10.26434/chemrxiv.9630695 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Wan-Ting (Grace) Chen ◽

Zhenwei Wu ◽

Buchun Si ◽

Yuanhui Zhang

Keyword(s):

Oxidation Stability ◽

Ash Content ◽

Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽

Fractional Distillation ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Steam Temperature ◽

Renewable Diesel ◽

Commodity Chemicals ◽

Biocrude Oil ◽

Specification Analysis

This study aims to produce renewable diesel and biopriviliged chemicals from microalgae that can thrive in wastewater environment. <i>Spirulina</i> (SP) was converted into biocrude oil at 300ºC for a 30-minute reaction time via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). Next, fractional distillation was used to separate SP-derived biocrude oil into different distillates. It was found that 62% of the viscous SP-derived biocrude oil can be separated into liquids at about 270ºC (steam temperature of the distillation). Physicochemical characterizations, including density, viscosity, acidity, elemental compositions, higher heating values and chemical compositions, were carried out with the distillates separated from SP-derived biocrude oil. These analyses showed that 15% distillates could be used as renewable diesel because they have similar heating values (43-46 MJ/kg) and carbon numbers (ranging from C8 to C18) to petroleum diesel. The Van Krevelan diagram of the distillates suggests that deoxygenation was effectively achieved by fractional distillation. In addition, GC-MS analysis indicates that some distillates contain biopriviliged chemicals like aromatics, phenols and fatty nitriles that can be used as commodity chemicals. An algal biorefinery roadmap was proposed based on the analyses of different distillates from the SP-derived biocrude oil. Finally, the fuel specification analysis was conducted with the drop-in renewable diesel, which was prepared with 10 vol.% (HTL10) distillates and 90 vol.% petroleum diesel. According to the fuel specification analysis, HTL10 exhibited a qualified lubricity (<520 µm), acidity (<0.3 mg KOH/g) and oxidation stability (>6 hr), as well as a comparable net heat of combustion (1% lower), ash content (29% lower) and viscosity (17% lower) to those of petroleum diesel. Ultimately, it is expected that this study can provide insights for potential application of algal biocrude oil converted via HTL.

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Performance of Ag-HZSM-5 Zeolite Catalysts in n-heptane Conversion

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.1.5401 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 116-120

Author(s):

Iuliean Vasile Asaftei ◽

Neculai Catalin Lungu ◽

Lucian Mihail Birsa ◽

Ioan Gabriel Sandu ◽

Laura Gabriela Sarbu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Metal Content ◽

Pulse Method ◽

Acid Strength ◽

Strength Distribution ◽

Zeolite Catalysts ◽

Benzene Toluene ◽

Acid Strength Distribution ◽

Silver Cations ◽

Heptane Conversion

The conversion of n-heptanes into aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX), by the chromatographic pulse method in the temperature range of 673 - 823K was performed over the HZSM-5 and Ag-HZSM-5 zeolites modified by ion exchange with AgNO3 aqueous solutions. The catalysts, HZSM-5 (SiO2/Al2O3 = 33.9), and Ag-HZSM-5 (Ag1-HZSM-5 wt. % Ag1.02, Ag2-HZSM-5 wt. % Ag 1.62; and Ag3-HZSM-5 wt. % Ag 2.05 having different acid strength distribution exhibit a conversion and a yield of aromatics depending on temperature and metal content. The yield of aromatic hydrocarbons BTX appreciably increased by incorporating silver cations Ag+ into HZSM-5.

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Selective Production of Aromatics from 2-Octanol on Zinc Ion-Exchanged MFI Zeolite Catalysts

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal5042122 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 2122-2133 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Masakazu Iwamoto ◽

Ryota Takezawa ◽

Masao Morimoto

Keyword(s):

Zinc Ion ◽

Zeolite Catalysts ◽

Mfi Zeolite

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Effect of synthesis and activation methods on the character of CoMo/ultrastable Y-zeolite catalysts

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2021-0064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 745-754

Author(s):

Khoirina Dwi Nugrahaningtyas ◽

Eddy Heraldy ◽

Rachmadani ◽

Yuniawan Hidayat ◽

Indriana Kartini

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Particle Morphology ◽

Zeolite Catalysts ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Y Zeolite ◽

X Ray ◽

Irregular Particle ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Pure Metals

Abstract The properties of three types of CoMo/USY catalysts with different synthesized methods have been studied. The sequential and co-impregnation methods followed by activation using calcination and reduction process have been conducted. The properties of the catalysts were examined using Fourier-transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) with refinement, and surface area analyzer (SAA). The FTIR spectrum study revealed the enhanced intensity of its Bronsted acid site, and the XRD diffractogram pattern verified the composition of pure metals, oxides, and alloys in the catalyst. The SAA demonstrated the mesoporous features of the catalyst. Scanning electron microscopy showed an irregular particle morphology. Additional analysis using the transmission electron microscopy indicated that the metal has successfully impregnated without damaging the USY structure.

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Progress and future challenges in passive NO adsorption over Pd/zeolite catalysts

Catalysis Science & Technology ◽

10.1039/d1cy01084k ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Guohua Jing ◽

Johannes W. Schwank ◽

Alexander J Hill ◽

Huawang Zhao ◽

Lei Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cold Start ◽

Zeolite Catalysts ◽

Catalytic Converters ◽

No Adsorption ◽

Emission Standards ◽

Future Challenges ◽

Future Emission

Future emission standards are becoming increasingly stringent. Around 50% of targeted tailpipe emissions are emitted during the cold-start period, mainly due to the ineffectiveness of catalytic converters in the after-treatment...

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The catalytic activity of microporous and mesoporous NiCoBeta zeolite catalysts in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

Research on Chemical Intermediates ◽

10.1007/s11164-020-04343-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 397-418

Author(s):

Karolina A. Chalupka ◽

Renata Sadek ◽

Lukasz Szkudlarek ◽

Pawel Mierczynski ◽

Waldemar Maniukiewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Activity ◽

Tropsch Synthesis ◽

Zeolite Catalysts ◽

Fischer Tropsch ◽

Fischer Tropsch Synthesis

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Synthesis of Butyl-Exchanged Polyoxymethylene Ethers as Renewable Diesel Blendstocks with Improved Fuel Properties

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ◽

10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c09216 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Martha A. Arellano-Treviño ◽

Danielle Bartholet ◽

Anh The To ◽

Andrew W. Bartling ◽

Frederick G. Baddour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuel Properties ◽

Renewable Diesel

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A diffusion anisotropy descriptor links morphology effects of H-ZSM-5 zeolites to their catalytic cracking performance

Communications Chemistry ◽

10.1038/s42004-021-00543-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoliang Liu ◽

Jing Shi ◽

Guang Yang ◽

Jian Zhou ◽

Chuanming Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Activity ◽

Catalytic Cracking ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

Zeolite Catalysts ◽

Time Resolved ◽

Cracking Performance ◽

Morphology Effect ◽

Ft Ir ◽

The Difference ◽

Dynamics Simulations

AbstractZeolite morphology is crucial in determining their catalytic activity, selectivity and stability, but quantitative descriptors of such a morphology effect are challenging to define. Here we introduce a descriptor that accounts for the morphology effect in the catalytic performances of H-ZSM-5 zeolite for C4 olefin catalytic cracking. A series of H-ZSM-5 zeolites with similar sheet-like morphology but different c-axis lengths were synthesized. We found that the catalytic activity and stability is improved in samples with longer c-axis. Combining time-resolved in-situ FT-IR spectroscopy with molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the difference in catalytic performance can be attributed to the anisotropy of the intracrystalline diffusive propensity of the olefins in different channels. Our descriptor offers mechanistic insight for the design of highly effective zeolite catalysts for olefin cracking.

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