Metrics for Objectively Assessing Operator Training using Eye gaze Patterns

Laparoscopic robots have been widely adopted in modern medical practice. However, explicitly interacting with these robots may increase the physical and cognitive load on the surgeon. An attention-aware robotic laparoscope system has been developed to free the surgeon from the technical limitations of visualization through the laparoscope. This system can implicitly recognize the surgeon's visual attention by interpreting the surgeon's natural eye movements using fuzzy logic and then automatically steer the laparoscope to focus on that viewing target. Experimental results show that this system can make the surgeon–robot interaction more effective, intuitive, and has the potential to make the execution of the surgery smoother and faster.

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Cultural Implications for Student Engagement in Online Learning

Optimizing Student Engagement in Online Learning Environments - Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-3634-5.ch002 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 28-58

Author(s):

Samiullah Paracha ◽

Toshiro Takahara ◽

Sania Jehanzeb

Keyword(s):

Eye Gaze ◽

Visual Behavior ◽

Interaction Style ◽

Heat Maps ◽

Multimedia Contents ◽

Gaze Patterns ◽

Chinese Learners ◽

Cultural Implications ◽

Multimedia Technologies ◽

Effective Use

The main goal of this research is to investigate how learners with different cultural background differ in their interaction style and visual behavior in multimedia-enhanced education, more specifically between groups from the African vs. Asian regions. The researchers conducted a controlled eye-tracking experiment to explore and evaluate the visual behavior of African, Afghan, Japanese and Chinese learners when scanning through different online multimedia contents. The analysis of their eye-gaze patterns and heat-maps revealed significant differences in terms of learners' interaction style, gender, color, text or multimedia preferences. This cross-cultural investigation collectively contributes towards effective use of multimedia technologies in education that ultimately increases learners' engagement and retention.

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The Mechanism of Relaxation by Viewing a Japanese Garden: A Pilot Study

HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal ◽

10.1177/1937586720924729 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 31-43

Author(s):

Seiko Goto ◽

Yuki Morota ◽

Congcong Liu ◽

Minkai Sun ◽

Bertram Emil Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Eye Movements ◽

Eye Gaze ◽

Prior Experience ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Psychological Responses ◽

Heart Rate Monitor ◽

Gaze Patterns ◽

Japanese Garden

Aim: To explore people’s visual attention and psychological and physiological responses to viewing a Japanese garden (an asymmetrically designed garden) and an herb garden (a symmetrically designed garden). Background: There are few studies of eye movements when observing different style gardens, and how they are connected to the interpretation of the space, and physiological and psychological responses. Method: Thirty subjects were recruited and their physiological and psychological responses to viewing the garden types were assessed using a heart-rate monitor and questionnaire. Eye movements while viewing projected slide images of the gardens were tracking using an eye-tracking monitor. Results: A significant decrease in heart rate was observed when subjects were viewing the Japanese garden as opposed to viewing the herb garden. Mood was significantly improved in both gardens, but eye-gaze patterns differed. The Japanese garden elicited far more comments about expectations for the coming season; unlike the herb garden, it also induced memories of viewing other landscapes. Conclusion: The physiological and psychological responses to viewing gardens differs based on the quality of landscape design and the prior experience of viewers.

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The Power of Attention: Using Eye Gaze to Predict Other-Regarding and Moral Choices

Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/0956797618799301 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (11) ◽

pp. 1878-1889 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Minou Ghaffari ◽

Susann Fiedler

Keyword(s):

Eye Gaze ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Sequential Presentation ◽

Top Down ◽

Bottom Up ◽

The Gaze ◽

Autonomous Decision ◽

Gaze Patterns ◽

Moral Choices ◽

Other Regarding

According to research studying the processes underlying decisions, a two-channel mechanism connects attention and choices: top-down and bottom-up processes. To identify the magnitude of each channel, we exogenously varied information intake by systematically interrupting participants’ decision processes in Study 1 ( N = 116). Results showed that participants were more likely to choose a predetermined target option. Because selection effects limited the interpretation of the results, we used a sequential-presentation paradigm in Study 2 (preregistered, N = 100). To partial out bottom-up effects of attention on choices, in particular, we presented alternatives by mirroring the gaze patterns of autonomous decision makers. Results revealed that final fixations successfully predicted choices when experimentally manipulated (bottom up). Specifically, up to 11.32% of the link between attention and choices is driven by exogenously guided attention (1.19% change in choices overall), while the remaining variance is explained by top-down preference formation.

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