Overlap between autistic and schizotypal personality traits is not accounted for by anxiety and depression

2014 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Mealey ◽  
Gavin Abbott ◽  
Linda K. Byrne ◽  
Jane McGillivray
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Schizotypal Personality

scholarly journals Does variation in trait schizotypy and frequency of cannabis use influence the acute subjective, cognitive and psychotomimetic effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol? A mega-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112095960
Author(s):  
Abigail M Freeman ◽  
Claire Mokrysz ◽  
Chandni Hindocha ◽  
Will Lawn ◽  
Celia JA Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
Psychotomimetic Effects

Background: While the acute effects of cannabis are relatively benign for most users, some individuals experience significant adverse effects. This study aimed to identify whether variation in schizotypal personality traits and frequency of cannabis use influence the acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Methods: Individual participant data from four double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, acute crossover studies involving 128 cannabis users were combined for a mega-analysis. Using multilevel linear models and moderation analyses, frequency of cannabis use and schizotypal personality traits were investigated as potential moderators of the subjective, cognitive and psychotomimetic effects of acute THC. Results: There was evidence of a moderating effect where increased frequency of cannabis use was associated with reduced intensity of subjective (changes in alertness and feeling stoned) and psychosis-like effects following THC when compared with placebo. Moderating effects of cannabis use frequency on acute memory impairment were weak. Trait schizotypy did not moderate the acute psychosis-like effects of THC compared with placebo. Conclusions: Our results suggest that a pattern of domain-specific tolerance develops to the acute effects of THC. Tolerance to the alertness-reducing effects occurred more readily than tolerance to psychotomimetic effects. Only partial tolerance to feeling stoned was found, and there was weak evidence for tolerance to memory impairment. Trait schizotypy did not moderate THC’s effects on psychotomimetic symptoms.

Schizotypal personality traits and deception: The role of self-awareness

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyson L Barnacz ◽  
Amanda Johnson ◽  
Paul Constantino ◽  
Julian Paul Keenan
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Schizotypal Personality

Personality Traits in Childhood and Adolescent Headache

Cephalalgia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Lanzi ◽  
CA Zambrino ◽  
O Ferrari-Ginevra ◽  
C Termine ◽  
S D'Arrigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Sociodemographic Data ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
Adolescent Headache

We evaluate personality traits, anxiety and depression in a population of paediatric and adolescent patients, correlating personality characteristics with headache and sociodemographic variables. The clinical features of headache include specific personality traits. We report a clinical study of 57 patients (age 8–18 years), divided up as follows: 12 migraine with aura, 29 migraine without aura and 16 tension-type headache. One of Cattel's tests was administered to every patient; the Children's Depression Inventory test was administered to 53 patients and the Test Anxiety Inventory test to 43 subjects. The scores obtained by every patient in each test were correlated with the characteristics of headache and with sociodemographic data. We found that patients affected by idiopathic headache share some personality traits, mainly emotional rigidity and tendency to repress anger and aggression. These traits do not seem to be correlated with sociodemographic data and the duration of headache: we considered these as characteristic of migrainous patients.

Genetic Variation of Serotonin Function and Cognitive Control

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1923-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Strobel ◽  
Gesine Dreisbach ◽  
Johannes Müller ◽  
Thomas Goschke ◽  
Burkhard Brocke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Personality

Although it is widely accepted that serotonin plays a pivotal role in the modulation of anxiety- and depression-related personality traits as well as in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders and depression, the role of serotonin in cognition is less clear. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of serotonin in cognitive behaviors by examining the impact of genetic variation in key regulators of serotonergic neurotransmission on behavioral measures in a cognitive control task. Eighty-five healthy participants performed a cued continuous performance task (the AX Continuous Performance Task [AXCPT]) and were genotyped for polymorphisms in the transcriptional control regions of the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene (TPH2 G-703T; rs4570625) and the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR). The core result was that individuals lacking the rare TPH2 T allele were not faster than T allele carriers, but committed fewer errors and were less variable in responding. These findings parallel those of a recent study where an enhancement of executive control in individuals without the rare TPH2 T/T genotype was observed. Together with recent evidence that individuals without the T allele exhibit higher scores in anxiety- and depression-related personality traits, our results underscore the role of the TPH2 G-703T polymorphism in the modulation of behavior and raise the intriguing possibility that genetic variants associated with higher negative emotionality may have beneficial effects on some cognitive functions.

scholarly journals The impact of schizotypy on pragmatics

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. e020014
Author(s):  
Monica de Freitas Frias Chaves ◽  
Cilene Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Impact

High levels of linguistic referential failures are associated with liability to develop schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, and it has been shown that these failures can differentiate healthy subjects, high-schizotypal and schizophrenics groups. Nevertheless, few investigations have focused on whether or not schizotypal traits in nonclinical populations can also impact linguistic reference. In Brazilian Portuguese, only one previous study (acceptability judgements task) had been conducted, and its results suggest association between schizotypal traits and a more rigid preference for assignment of specific readings to definite singular DPs. Here, we present another experimental study in Brazilian Portuguese,  a comprehension task designed to examine possible effects of schizotypal personality traits on the interpretation of definite singular DPs. The findings, in line with the previous results, support the conclusion that schizotypy does affect the interpretation of definite singular DPs in Brazilian Portuguese. Together, these two experiments suggest that schizotypal personality traits impact the integration of linguistic contextual information into the semantic meaning of definite DPs. This is  consistent with the general hypothesis that schizotypy, similarly to schizophrenia, is associated with pragmatic difficulties. Yet, our results emphasize that the impact of schizotypal traits on pragmatics can be observed even in healthy (nonclinical) speakers.

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