Radioactivity measurements in soil samples collected in the Republic of Srpska

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1448-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Janković ◽  
Dragana Todorović ◽  
Milovan Savanović
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Radioactivity Measurements

IMPACT OF FALLOWS ON THE WATER-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CHESTNUT SOILS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-527
Author(s):  
S.O. Kanzyvaa ◽  
◽  
S.B.N. Kuzhuget ◽  
N.D. Chadamba ◽  
A.V. Khuurak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Moisture Capacity ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Fallow Soil ◽  
The Republic

Modern arable land in the Republic of Tyva is located on chestnut soils (69%) and chernozems (25%), but the former are characterized by low fertility. Soil fertility depends on the particle size distribution, structure, water-air regime, etc. Durind agricultural use of soils, the disturbance of the structure, especially of light particle size distribution, as well as depletion of humus and nutrient reserves can occur in them. Therefore, the aim of our work was to identify the influence of fallows on the change in the waterphysical properties of chestnut soils of the BarunKhemchiksky district of the Republic of Tyva. The chestnut soils of fallow and arable lands of the Barun-Khemchiksky district of the Republic of Tyva with the laying of two soil sections in arable and fallow fields were chosen as the object of the study. Soil samples from two horizons (arable and subsurface) were selected by the five-spot method. The water properties of these soils were subjected to the following analyzes: determining the water permeability of the soil according to the method of N. A. Kachinsky, determining the speed and height of rising water, determining the total capillary moisture capacity. As a result, it was found that the soil cover of the studied territories is represented by light loamy chestnut soils. Samples of fallow soil showed good water permeability with the amount of incoming water 80–100 mm per 1 hour. The water-lifting rate of soil arable land samples is slightly greater than the soil samples of the fallow: the soil sample of the arable layer of the arable land was completely moistened after 20 minutes, and the soil sample of the arable horizon of the fallow – only after 40 minutes. The moisture capacity of the fallow soil samples turned to be slightly higher than the arable land. An analysis of the studied samples indicates the improvement in the water-physical properties of the chestnut soils of the fallow compared with the arable field. Relatively low moisture capacity and accelerated water capacity indicate a destroyed and dispersed structure of arable land.

Ecological Chemistry Aspects of Food Safety

2020 ◽  
pp. 472-490
Author(s):  
Rodica Sturza
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
Ecological Chemistry ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Technological Treatment

The presented results reflect the researches carried out over the last decade, having as their object the soil, water, vegetal raw materials, and wines from the Republic of Moldova. The analysis of the possible anthropogenic contamination (NAA method) demonstrated the absence of systematic soil pollution. A total of 30 elements were determined in soil samples and the soil-leaves-fruit transfer factors were calculated. Approximately 3000 samples of local wines have been analysed to determine the residual quantities of pesticides. POPs were not found in any of the wine samples. In most of the examined cases (> 60% of samples), the lack of organic pesticide residues was observed. The migration of phthalates into different solutions from polymeric materials (PVC, rubber) and the influence of the temperature on the extraction rate were investigated. It has been shown that the contamination with phthalate residues occurs predominantly at the stage of grape processing, technological treatment, and storage.

scholarly journals Distribution of Aspergillus Section Flavi among Field Soils from the Four Agroecological Zones of the Republic of Bénin, West Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Cardwell ◽  
P. J. Cotty
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Aspergillus Section Flavi ◽  
The North ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
Republic Of Benin ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Aspergillus Section

Certain members of Aspergillus section Flavi produce carcinogenic and immunotoxic metabo-lites called aflatoxins. These fungi perennate in soils and infect maize grain in the field and in storage. The distribution of Aspergillus section Flavi across the four different agroecologies of Bénin Republic was determined. The four agroecological zones range from humid equatorial tropics in the south to the dry savanna near the Sahara desert in the north. Soil samples collected in 1994 to 1996 from 44 different maize fields in Bénin were assayed over 3 years (88 samples total) for fungi in Aspergillus section Flavi. All soils tested contained A. flavus. Isolates (1,454 total) were collected by dilution plate from the soils and existed in populations ranging from <10 to >200 CFU/g of soil. CFU counts did not differ from year to year or change significantly with cropping systems within a zone, but differed significantly among zones. Incidence of A. flavus strain isolations varied from south to north, with greater number of CFU of L strain isolates in southern latitudes and higher numbers of CFU of S strain isolates found in the north. The L strain isolates occurred in 81 of 88 samples, whereas S strain isolates were in only 41 of 88 soil samples. Of 96 L strain isolates tested, 44% produced aflatoxins. Only B toxins were produced, and toxigenic isolates averaged over 100 μg of aflatoxin B1 per 70 ml of fermentation medium (~1.4 ppm). All S strain isolates produced both B and G aflatoxins, averaging over 557 μg of aflatoxin B1 per 70 ml (8 ppm) and 197 μg of aflatoxin G1 per 70 ml of fermentation me- dium (2.8 ppm). A. parasiticus and A. tamarii were present in less than 10% of the fields and were not associated with any particular agroecological zone.

Soil radioactivity measurements and estimation of radon/thoron exhalation rate in soil samples from Kalpakkam residential complex

2015 ◽  
Vol 164 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bala Sundar ◽  
N. Chitra ◽  
I. Vijayalakshmi ◽  
B. Danalakshmi ◽  
S. Chandrasekaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Exhalation Rate ◽  
Soil Radioactivity ◽  
Radioactivity Measurements

Ecological Chemistry Aspects of Food Safety

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-38
Author(s):  
Rodica Sturza
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
Ecological Chemistry ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Technological Treatment

The presented results reflect the researches carried out over the last decade, having as their object the soil, water, vegetal raw materials, and wines from the Republic of Moldova. The analysis of the possible anthropogenic contamination (NAA method) demonstrated the absence of systematic soil pollution. A total of 30 elements were determined in soil samples and the soil-leaves-fruit transfer factors were calculated. Approximately 3000 samples of local wines have been analysed to determine the residual quantities of pesticides. POPs were not found in any of the wine samples. In most of the examined cases (&gt; 60% of samples), the lack of organic pesticide residues was observed. The migration of phthalates into different solutions from polymeric materials (PVC, rubber) and the influence of the temperature on the extraction rate were investigated. It has been shown that the contamination with phthalate residues occurs predominantly at the stage of grape processing, technological treatment, and storage.

scholarly journals Content of cesium-137 in the soil cover of Central and Southern Tajikistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
S. V. Muminov ◽  
B. B. Barotov ◽  
U. M. Mirsaidov ◽  
S. R. Murodov ◽  
J. A. Salomov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Gamma Spectrometer ◽  
Cesium 137 ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Maximum Content

The content of cesium-137 in the soil cover of the central and southern parts of Tajikistan was studied. The study area of the regions of the republic is about 45,000 km2. 92 soil samples from the Central and Southern parts of the republic were collected from cultivated and uncultivated fields to a depth of 25 cm from the ground surface. Each sample at the sampling point was cleared of stones, roots and other inclusions. The sample was dried to an air-dry state, crushed and sieved through a sieve with a hole diameter of 2 mm. When measuring the samples, we used a standard 1 L Marinelli beaker. Measurements of the specific activity of cesium-137 in soil samples were carried out on a gamma spectrometer based on highly pure germanium. The maximum content of cesium-137 was observed in soil sample No. 1 of the Kamarob area of the Rasht district, which specific activity in the sample is 148 Bq / kg. The minimum specific activity of cesium-137 is observed in soil samples from the Tajikabad district. The dependence of the concentration of cesium-137 on the topography in the region under study has been established. In some of the investigated samples, the cesium-137 isotope was not detected (sample no. 2 from the Ayvaj area of the Shahritus district and sample no. 4 from the Farkhor district). The dynamics of the distribution of cesium-137 on the soils of uncultivated fields and soils of cultivated fields of the Khatlon region of Tajikistan has been studied. It was found that the content of the isotope of cesium-137 in the treated fields differs from the untreated ones. It has been determined that in the soils of cultivated lands, the content of cesium-137 is concentrated at a depth of 20-25 cm. At the foot of the mountains and clay soils, a relatively high content of the isotope of cesium-137 is observed in comparison with plains and sandy soils.

scholarly journals CONTAMINATION OF SOIL OF A NUMBER OF TERRITORIES OF THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA WITH PARASITIC AGENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 530-536
Author(s):  
Khutoryanina ◽  
Dimidova ◽  
Dumbadze ◽  
Tverdokhlebova
Keyword(s):  
Specific Weight ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
The South ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

Parasitic contamination of the soil of some territories of the south of Russia was studied for the presence of eggs and larvae of helminths and cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa. The soil is still a potential hazard as a risk factor in the infection of the population with geohelminths. Thus, in the Rostov region, the specific weight of the selected soil samples for the period from 2016 to 2020 was 28.2%, of which 25.5% were positive. In the Republic of Adygea, the specific weight of the selected soil samples for the same period was 59.5%, positive – 30.6%. In the KarachayCherkess Republic – 53.8%, positive – 61.9%. The results of the conducted sanitary and parasitological studies of the soil showed that the share of positive samples in various regions of the south of Russia ranged from 20.5% in the Rostov region to 83.3% in the territory of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. Among all identified helminth eggs, for Toxocara spp. eggs. In all the studied territories, it was 2–3, and sometimes 5 times higher than the eggs of other helminth species detected in the soil. A fairly large number of Strongyloides spp. larvae were also found, mainly in the Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia. According to this, the main role in soil contamination in the south of Russia belongs to animals.

scholarly journals Plutonium and Americium Inventories in Soil Cores from the English Lake District, Cumbria (UK)

2021 ◽  
Vol 253 ◽  
pp. 09005
Author(s):  
A. Madina ◽  
C. Tighe ◽  
M. J. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Lake District ◽  
English Lake District ◽  
Radioactive Concentration ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Anthropogenic Contributions ◽  
Radioactivity Measurements ◽  
Broad Energy

Environmental radioactivity has been reported in the stationary wetlands closer to the natural water basins in Great Britain, precisely in the English Lake District (Cumbria, UK) often emphasise on the investigation carried out through either high-resolution γ-ray spectroscopy or α-particle spectroscopy. The objective of the study is the evaluation of trace actinide (241Am) through environments radioactivity measurements of two Lakes in the Lake District using a broad-energy, high-resolution γ-ray spectroscopy germanium (BEGe) detector. These appeal to the need to determine the radioactive concentration (Bq/g) in the soil samples with the intent being to discern natural and anthropogenic contributions, and trends in abundances associated with influences of the landscape over time, at trace levels in the environment. These measurements highlight potential benefits for the assessment of 241Am and 241Pu, especially comparisons that might be made with accelerator mass spectrometry assessments (AMS). This study intents to offer an inclusive investigation practise for determining the levels of radioactivity in soil cores, as well as the method for statistical analysis approach to calculate the activity of a soil sample, with a special emphasis on categorising the natural and anthropogenic contributors to trace amounts of plutonium in the environment, that is, less than500 fg/g.

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