DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING ABANDONED AGRICULTURAL LANDS IN TVER REGION

In the Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia, since the 90s of the last century, the number of tractor and other agricultural machinery has sharply decreased. If in 1990 there were more than 30 thousand tractors of various capacities in the Tver region, then by 2020 there are 4 thousand tractors left in collective agricultural organizations, and approximately the same number of tractors are in private farms. The reduction occurred more than 8 times, with the remaining equipment having an average age of over 12 years. The renewal of tractor equipment in recent years has been happening at a rate of 1-2% per year, at the same time, 7-8% of the remaining tractors are written off annually. Directly connected with such dynamics is the reduction of acreage, which decreased by about 10 times, to 120 thousand hectares. And only in recent years there has been an increase in cultivated areas to 278 thousand hectares. At present, 551 thousand hectares of agricultural land are used for the production of agricultural products, that is, from 2,575 thousand hectares. Half of the agricultural land is arable land. More than 300 thousand hectares of arable land are idle, overgrown with forest, bushes, hogweed. The age of vegetation, forests on abandoned arable land reaches 10 years. In the near future, most of these lands may be completely decommissioned.

PRODUCTIVITY AND ECOLOGICAL PLASTICITY OF POTATO VARIETIES OF LOCAL AND FOREIGN REGIONAL BREEDING IN THE CONDITIONS OF YAKUTIA

The results of the assessment of potato varieties of foreign and local selection in the conditions of Yakutia, carried out in 2012– 2014, are presented. (the characteristic of weather conditions is presented). All varieties belong to the group of early maturing and mid-early. The best in terms of yield in 2012 were the varieties Tulunsky Early (14.8 t / ha), Kamensky (13.7) t / ha and Varmas (13.5 t / ha). The local variety Yakutyanka exceeded the distinguished varieties in yield by 3.9–5.2 t / ha. by the number of tubers from the bush, the varieties Tulunsky early and Yakutyanka were distinguished. The marketable yield of all varieties in 2013 ranged from 10.5 t / ha (Kolobok variety) to 28.8 t / ha (Yakutyanka variety). The marketable yield in 2014 averaged 15.6 t / ha, while Kamensky (18.6 t / ha) and Yakutyanka (18.8 t / ha) cultivars formed a higher yield. In 2012, for all varieties, the marketability varied within 60-75%. The highest marketability of the crop was noted for the Yakutyanka variety - 75%. The marketability of tubers in potato varieties was different in 2013. The highest marketability of the crop was noted for the Varmas variety (98%), the lowest was noted for the Severny and Briz varieties, the marketability was 77–78%. In 2014, the marketability for all varieties varied within 74–95%. The marketable yield of the Yakutyanka variety was the highest in comparison with other varieties and amounted to 18.8 t / ha. Analysis of the ecological plasticity of potato varieties in terms of yield revealed the most plastic variety of the adaptive type Yakutyanka, which in various weather conditions forms a yield of at least 14.0 t / ha.

MASTITIS AS A CAUSE OF CARDIOMYOPATHY DEVELOPMENT IN DOGS

Researchers in our country have established today that during the structuring period, the mammary gland begins to actively develop in bitches at the age of 4 to 6 months. This period naturally coincides with the beginning of ovarian function. And it is naturally controlled by follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones, as well as adrenocorticotropic hormone. The regulation of tissue homeostasis in the mammary gland is maintained by a balance between proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The apoptosis process plays one of the most important roles in the growth and development of not only the body, but also cells. These include not only healthy cells, but also tumor cells. Approbation of improved diagnostics of various types of breast diseases in dogs, as well as the choice of a rational and less painful method of treatment in veterinary practice in the future will allow the prevention of diseases of mastopathy, which will radically reduce diseases of the reproductive system. An analysis of the works of foreign authors in veterinary medicine indicates a lack of research on this topic in hormonal control of the sexual cycle in dogs. Taking this into account, many scientists devote their research to morphological changes in the structure of the mammary gland, not only in dogs, but also in most domesticated carnivores. Such changes for the worse affect the effect of the use of hormonal drugs for contraception during sexual cycles. When collecting anamnesis, we paid attention to: the time of manifestation of the preliminary disease, the course of the disease, what factors could provoke this pathology. They also clarified the regularity of the leaks from the owners of the animals, paid attention to the possible presence of pseudolactations and the possible changes in the mammary gland during this period. Also, an important condition was the maintenance and proper feeding.

EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF MICROFERTILIZERS AND BIOPREPARATION OF A NEW GENERATION ON CROPS OF MEADOW CLOVER

Feed production has been and remains one of the most important and complex problems in agriculture. The production of forage far exceeds the gross production of all other crop products. At the same time, being the most important branch of agriculture, they do not meet the needs of animal husbandry. The development of animal husbandry has recently been characterized by major organizational and technical changes. The process of specialization and concentration of its individual industries is under way at an accelerated pace. A network of large complexes for the production of livestock products on an industrial basis is being created, and farms are being comprehensively mechanized. All this led to an increase in the production of all livestock products. The successful development of animal husbandry depends, first of all, on the state of the fodder base. In recent years, fodder production has developed into one of the most important branches of agriculture. Analysis of the current state of feed production in North Ossetia shows that the supply of livestock with feed is 1.5 times lower than in some regions of the Russian Federation and has a tendency to further decline. This is due to the fact that feed production is aimed at volumetric rather than quality indicators. Therefore, all vegetable feeds of our own production are characterized by a low concentration of protein in dry matter (8.3-9.2%) and metabolizable energy (8.2-8.5 MJ). Clover is one of the leading forage crops. Its role as a cheap source of protein for animals and as an excellent precursor in crop rotation is well known. Agrotechnical significance is also great: thanks to the nodule bacteria settling on the roots of clover, it is able to assimilate atmospheric nitrogen. Clover roots penetrate deep into the ground, loosen the soil layer, extracting nutrients that are difficult for other plants to reach, enrich the soil with organic matter, improve its structure, physical properties, fix the arable layer and protect it from water and wind erosion. Get ting high and stable yields is possible with uninterrupted, harmonious, balanced supply of plants with basic nutrients in accordance with their needs throughout the growing season. The size of the yield is the most important indicator of the effectiveness of the culture under study, cultivation conditions, agricultural techniques and their combinations. It is advisable to focus on modern biological products and complex bioorganic fertilizers, because their composition is as close to optimal values as possible.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF DOG BABESIOSIS

With an increase in the incidence of babesiosis (piroplasmosis) in dogs, the development of effective methods for the prevention and treatment of this disease is one of the promising areas of veterinary science and practice. The article presents the research results obtained in assessing the effectiveness of various methods of treatment and prevention of canine babesiosis using domestically produced drugs. The studies were carried out on the basis of the Novoshakhtinsky branch of the State Budgetary Institution of the Republic of Belarus "Rostov Region SBBZh with PO", the object of the study was dogs of various breeds, diagnosed with babesiosis. Diagnosis of piroplasmosis was carried out on the basis of anamnesis, clinical signs and using laboratory diagnostics of blood tests. Hematological studies were performed on the 1st and 10th days of treatment on an automatic hematological analyzer URIT-3020 Vet Plus. For the experiment, 3 groups of animals were formed (5 dogs each): 1, 2 experimental and 3 control with individual treatment regimens. In 1 experimental group, Ringer-Locke's solution was used, in 2 - Reamberin, in animals of the control group, isotonic sodium chloride solution. After the end of the course of therapy, blood samples were taken to assess the results of the applied treatment regimen. The onset of recovery was judged by the change in the general condition of the animal, the absence of clinical signs and the results of hematological studies. Based on the studies conducted on the use of domestically produced drugs for the treatment and prevention of canine babesiosis, it was found that the use of the treatment regimen with the drug Reamberin 1 time per day at a dose of 100-200 ml infusion for 4-5 days turned out to be the most effective method and made it possible to speed up the healing process animals.

DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR A DELICATE LAMB PRODUCT

The article is devoted to the development of technology for obtaining an innovative meat product from mutton. One of the main tasks of the agro-industrial complex is the development of technologies for the production of meat products for general and special purposes. In this context, it should be noted that the creation of meat products intended for the treatment and prevention of diseases is a priority area in the food industry of social and economic importance. To date, certain results have already been achieved in this direction. However, the cluster of functional meat products in the Russian Federation is poorly developed. In terms of organoleptic properties, lamb has features that must be taken into account when developing new products on an industrial basis. Features of taste and smell of meat, its technological properties limit the use of this type of raw material in the production of meat products. The effect of the composition of the injection brine, the formulation of which included infusion of juniper berries, food phosphate "Biofos-90" and curing ingredients, on the quality of the finished product was studied. It was found that the use of a multicomponent injection brine in combination with mechanical processing of mutton promotes the formation of an elasticviscous-plastic structure of the meat system by increasing the functional properties of muscle proteins. The development and improvement of existing technologies for the production of meat products, the rational use of food raw materials predetermine the modern system of creating a sustainable food base for the country. The integrated use of mutton as one of the main raw materials of the meat industry in some regions of our country is also aimed at solving these problems.

VARIETY FEATURES OF POTATOES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOOTHONE ZONE NOR - ALANIA

Potatoes are a valuable product and are of great national economic importance. In terms of the amount of nutrients per unit area, potatoes occupy one of the first places among plants cultivated by humans. In the North Caucasus, the production of marketable potatoes is almost entirely concentrated on the farms of the foothill and mountainous regions, which have favorable natural conditions (sufficient rainfall and moderate temperatures). The solution of almost all problems of the functioning of the agroindustrial complex is focused on ensuring food security. In solving food security in the country and in individual regions, a large role belongs to the development of such an important branch of agro-industrial production as potato growing. The development of this most important industry in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania is possible only on the basis of innovative modernization of potato growing. In the North Caucasus, the production of marketable potatoes is almost entirely concentrated on the farms of the foothill and mountainous regions, which have favorable natural conditions (sufficient rainfall and moderate temperatures). The area of potato planting in the region reached 35-40 thousand hectares, and at present in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania there are about 1.5-2.0 thousand hectares under this crop. The aim of the research is to study the characteristics of growth, plant development, heat-drought resistance of various varieties of potatoes in the forest-steppe zone of North OssetiaAlania. As a result of three-year research (2018- 2020), it was found that under the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of North Ossetia - Alania, such early-maturing varieties as - Udacha, VR808, Gulliver, Riviera form up to 29.8 to 33.4 t / ha of early harvest potato tubers and are the most adapted varieties to local soil and climatic conditions.

FEATURES OF ENZYMATIC DEHYDROGENATION OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH HEAVY METALS

The influence of heavy metals of hazard classes I (Pb, Cd, Zn) and II (Cu) on the dehydrogenase activity of soils, which plays an important role in the transformation of organic matter in them, was studied. An annual model experiment was carried out on three types of medium-loamy soils (gray forest, typical chernozem, urbanozem) with the introduction of different doses of lead and cadmium in the form of acetic acid salts, zinc and copper in the form of sulfates. A decrease in the intensity of dehydrogenation of organic substances with an increase in the dose of the studied metals on 3, 90, 180 and 360 days from the beginning of the experiment was revealed. This was confirmed by reliable correlation coefficients, which were in the range (-0.63) – (-0.99) at p ≤ 0.05. This pattern was already evident at minimal doses of pollutants. An increase in the content of toxicants increased the inhibitory effect. Lead in different doses reduced the intensity of the processes of dehydrogenation of organic substances by 28-46%, cadmium by 4-42%, zinc by 2-35%, copper by 3-45%. During the experiment, the type of soil with greater resistance of dehydrogenases to pollutants was not identified. In annual dynamics, the intensity of dehydrogenase reactions decreased in gray forest soil by 4-40% and typical chernozem by 4-32% and in urbanozem by 3-45%. The processes of transformation of organic compounds in soils are dynamic in time and proceeded differently depending on their type and metal. The established regularities in the change of dehydrogenase activity allow us to recommend it as a criterion for assessing the negative impact of lead, cadmium, zinc and copper on the dehydrogenation of organic substances in soils due to enzyme systems.

JUSTIFICATION OF THE APPLICATION OF THERMAL PREPARATION ON CARS IN DIFFERENT CLIMATE ZONES

The paper presents the rationale for the feasibility of using an autonomous liquid heater for thermal preparation of the engine in different climatic zones. A comparison is made of operating costs when using an autonomous liquid heater and a car alarm with the function of maintaining the optimum temperature. Several large settlements of the Tyumen region were selected for a comparative calculation. Using climatic portals, the average number of cold days over three years was selected and the number of cold engine starts in each city was determined. The objects of the study were Toyota Land Cruiser Prado cars with different power plants: diesel and gasoline. The calculation does not consider the effect of the autonomous heater on the comfort of use and the technical condition of the vehicle, only the current fuel costs during daily operation are taken into account. In the course of the calculations, it was found that at ambient temperatures up to -150C for a gasoline car and -170C for a diesel car, the use of a pre-starting autonomous liquid heater is not economically viable. The required number of days is also determined to obtain economic benefits from the pre-heater, taking into account the cost of its installation on cars with gasoline and diesel engines. Using the results of the study, it can be concluded that not in all settlements it is advisable to install preheaters. The severity of the climate in some cities does not pose a big threat to a guaranteed cold engine start and may be limited only by using the remote engine start function built into the security system.

SEED BREEDING OF PERENNIAL CEREALS IN TAIGA ZONE OF TOMSK REGION

The main goal of breeding and seed-growing work with perennial grasses is the creation and reproduction of intensive varieties that are distinguished by high productivity, adaptability, and resistance to adverse factors. The tasks of varietal seed production of perennial grasses in the taiga zone include the preservation of biological and economically useful properties inherent in the variety during its reproduction; ensuring timely implementation of variety change and variety renewal; accelerated multiplication of seeds of new varieties. It is important to cultivate each crop according to modern scientifically based varietal technologies that are developed for the conditions of the region. To create highly productive seed herbage and successful harvesting, it is necessary to take into account the biological characteristics of species and varieties. The choice of seed farming methods is determined by the ability of populations to retain their valuable properties in the process of seed reproduction. When developing promising methods of seed production of new generation varieties, it is necessary to study the reaction of plants to stressful phenomena and develop agrotechnical methods that allow plants to adapt to them with a minimum decrease in seed productivity. The development of seed production of perennial cereal grasses in the extreme soil and climatic conditions of the taiga zone contributes to the growth and stabilization of the gross harvest of seeds with high sowing qualities. The article presents the main results for 2015-2019. on perennial cereal grasses in the Narym Department of Breeding and Seed Production of the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Technology - a branch of the SFNCA RAS. Seed growing is carried out according to the traditional scheme. Due to adaptive varieties, the agroecological zoning of seed production is being improved. The aim of this work is to summarize the results of seed production on perennial grasses in the taiga zone of the Tomsk region.