UV treatment of agricultural plants in territories subject to salination of soil

An assessment of the influence of electrotechnology of ultraviolet irradiation of seeds and pre-sowing soil treatment and the creation, on their technological basis, of management and control of salt and nutritional regimes of irrigated soils has been carried out. Relative yield of field crops versus the concentration of toxic salts in the soil solution at full moisture capacity are shown. By results of experimental researches acting of UV irradiation on the amount of ammonifying bacteria in the soil under cotton for increasing the accumulation of the most mobile nitrate forms of nitrogen are defined.

Determination of model parameters of water-nutritional processes in soil for nitrogen compounds

Studies of development of an integrated model that allows calculating the whole range of processes necessary for predicting and managing the water and nutrient regimes of reclaimed soils are considered. Calculated values of the maximum concentrations of nitrate nitrogen in the topsoil during the growing season of plant for Tashkent’s region are shown. Values of field moisture capacity and wilting moisture of the main varieties of irrigated soils are defined.

Influence of variability in hygrothermal properties on analytical results of simultaneous heat and moisture transfer in porous materials

Depending on the data source used, the material hygrothermal properties that are used in the numerical analysis of simultaneous heat and moisture transfer will not be consistent. Differences in measurement methods and the individuality of specimens account for this. It is necessary to choose values from these different physical property sets to conduct a numerical calculation, which can cause the calculated results to differ. The subsequent range of variation in the calculated results should be quantitatively evaluated. In this study, the physical properties of several types of porous building materials were first gathered from four databases. The data were then categorized based on the kind of material and compared in terms of each physical property (density, porosity, specific heat, moisture capacity, thermal conductivity, and vapor permeability). The density, porosity, and specific heat varied by 10% on average, and the moisture capacity, thermal conductivity, and vapor permeability varied by 20% or more for all types of materials. In particular, the vapor permeability of plywood and moisture capacity of gypsum board differed by 50%. The influence that these physical property value variations had on hygrothermal calculation results was then quantitatively demonstrated for moisture and heat flow rate under a step change in the relative humidity or temperature of indoor air for a single layer wall. The moisture and heat flow rate into a single layer wall fluctuated by approximately 10%–40% due to differences in the vapor permeability and moisture capacity of the materials. For all types of materials, moisture was transferred more slowly than heat. Therefore, differences in moisture property values, such as vapor permeability and moisture capacity, influenced the results more significantly. Moreover, the moisture flow was accompanied by a phase change. The differences in moisture property values thus affected the heat flow.

Drop Field Results Irrigation of Tomatoes Conducted by Experiment Section of Guba-Khachmaz Zone

The article reflects the results of experimental research carried out with the aim of studying the water-physical properties of the soils of the experimental site selected for drip irrigation of tomatoes in the Guba-Khachmaz zone. The soil cover of the experimental site in terms of the granulometric composition consists of layer-by-layer alternating light, medium and heavy loams, the volumetric mass of the meter layer of soil is 1.40 g/cm3, the density is 2.69 g/cm3, the porosity is 47.9%, the lowest moisture capacity is 19.65%. The rate of moisture absorption of the soil varies within 6.47–7.74 cm / h and therefore the soil cover of the experimental site is included in the group of soils with average moisture absorption.

Allotments in the Future: Building Resilience to Climate Change through Improved Site Design and Efficient Water Practices

In recent years, there has been a resurgence in the popularity of allotments and home- grown food in the UK. This interest is likely to increase as people become more aware of the health benefits of spending time outdoors. Climate projections for the UK indicate that over the next 20 years, winters will become warmer and wetter, and the summers hotter and drier. Most UK allotments and community gardens are a collection of individual plots whose holders are free to manage them as they wish, within site rules. The efficacy of individual efforts to collect and store rainwater is often limited as most allotment sites were laid out when water practices were a secondary consideration. Our research, which included visiting allotment sites and reviewing growing practices, suggests that grouping plots and sharing water facilities could enable plot holders to store sufficient water to meet anticipated demand for thirty rain-free days in midsummer. This combined with growing practices that improve soil moisture capacity and water use efficiency will provide effective mitigation against climate change.

Analysis and substantiation of methods for determining water consumption of haip-pasture herbs in conditions of irrigation by raining

Relevance. The most important element of the operational regime of irrigation is the correct (timely) appointment and timing of irrigation, taking into account the biological characteristics of crops, weather conditions and the mechanical composition of the soil.Methods. In this work, the results of the calculation of the irrigation regime of the hay-pasture grass mixture for the growing season april-october 2016-2018 were presented, on the basis of which the values of the water consumption of the crop, the average values of bioclimatic and biothermal coefficients in relation to sod-podzolic loamy soils in the northeastern zones of the Republic of Belarus. The calculations were carried out by the water balance method, as well as by the method of maximum daily air temperatures.Results. As a result of calculating bioclimatic and biothermal coefficients and values of water consumption for the growing seasons. It was found that their highest values in all years of research were recorded in the variant with a pre-irrigation humidity level of 80% of the lowest moisture capacity, while their lowest values were observed in the variant with natural humidification. At the same time, as a result of calculations, it was established that the highest values of bioclimatic coefficients corresponding to the variant 80% of HB took the following values: 0.88; 0.72 and 0.66, the smallest are 0.71; 0.64 and 0.50, and the largest values of the biothermal coefficients were: 0.13; 0.15 and 0.15, the smallest are 0.09; 0.13 and 0.10, respectively, for the growing seasons. The largest values of water consumption, calculated by the water balance method, corresponding to the option 80% of the HB took the following values: 423.0; 462.0 and 440.0 mm, the smallest in this case were: 334.0; 404.0; and 331.0 mm, and the highest values of water consumption, calculated by the method of maximum daily temperatures were: 439.4; 420.0 and 432.2, while the smallest were equal: 318.7, 396.4 and 325.7 mm, respectively, for the growing seasons.

Irrigation of soybean under environments of Prialeyskaya steppe

Soybean is one of the most important agricultural crops, which although in general very unpretentious, but under the environments of the Altai Territory (Prialeyskaya steppe) it is almost impossible to obtain consistently high yields due to unfavorable climatic conditions. The main factor in obtaining consistently high yields and involving additional areas for soybean crop in this climatic zone is the use of complex agrotechnical techniques, namely regular irrigation. The purpose of the work was to develop an optimal mode of soybean irrigation under the environments of the Prialeyskaya steppe in the Altai Territory. The possibility of effective soybean cultivation on the irrigated lands of the arid Prialeyskaya steppe in the Altai Territory has been theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed in the paper. The regularities of the influence of different irrigation regimes on soybean productivity have been established. The specific water consumption per unit of marketable output has been determined depending on the irrigation regime. The relations of grain yield with the change of irrigation regime have been established. The maximum yield of soybean grain has been obtained in the 80% LMC variant (the lowest moisture capacity), which was 3,3 t/ha in 2016. The average yield for 3 years of research was 3,1 t/ha and exceeded the yield on the control variant by 2,1 t/ha. In the 80% LMC variant but with the treatment of soybean seeds before sowing with an inoculant the average yield was 3,5 t/ha, which exceeded the yield in the control variant by 2,5 t/ha. Also in the 80% LMC variant and with inoculant seed treatment the yield of soybean grain exceeded the yield in the non-treated variant by 0,4 t/ha. Thus, it has been established that to obtain the maximum yield of soybean under the environments of the Prialeyskaya steppe should support the level of pre-irrigation soil moisture at 80% LMC.

INFLUENCE OF ROAD POLLUTION COMPONENTS FOR WATER ABSORPTION OF ANTI-CORROSIVE FILM

Проблема и цель. Для достижения цели исследования и ответа на поставленные вопросы было проведено изучение влияния компонентов загрязнения поверхности автомобильной дороги на влагопоглощение пленки пластизольной мастики Д-11А, которое влияет на долговечность ее защитных свойств. Методология. Пробы загрязнений дорожной поверхности показали, что основными коррозионноагрессивными компонентами в них являются ионы хлора , аммония нитратов и сульфатов . Одним из основных свойств противокоррозионной пленки является сплошность, т.е. отсутствие в структуре микро- и макропор, о чем можно судить по ее влагопоглощению. Влияние выявленных компонентов на влагопоглощение пластизольной пленки исследовали по методу многофакторного эксперимента плана N = 2⁴. Последовательность проведения экспериментов была следующей: на аналитических весах ВЛА-200 г-М с точностью 0,0001 г взвешивали подготовленные образцы из стали 08кп до и после нанесения покрытия, высушивали и помещали в химические стаканы емкостью 900 мл с 16 вариантами растворов. Растворы готовили исходя из концентрации активных ионов загрязнений, растворяя в 1 л дистиллированной воды NaCl – 1,404 г, NH4OH – 0,0068 г, NaNO3 – 0,051 г, Na2SO4 – 0,3905 г. Через 24, 72, 120 и 240 ч образцы вынимали из растворов, высушивали, взвешивали и гравиметрическим методом определяли влагопоглощение пленки. Результаты. По результатам экспериментов были получены уравнения зависимости влагопоглощения от коррозионно-активных компонентов загрязнения дорожной поверхности. Заключение. Анализ уравнений показал, что при одиночном воздействии факторов на влагопоглощение наибольшее влияние оказывают ионы и . . Ионы и менее агрессивны к защитной пленке. Сочетание ионов хлора и сульфатов повышает влагоемкость пленки. Ионы нитратов и сульфатов частично тормозят влагопоглощение пленки, а в сочетании с ионами существенно повышают влагоемкость покрытий. Problem and purpose. To achieve the goal of the study and answer the questions posed, a study was made of the infuence of the components of the road surface pollution on the moisture absorption of the D-11A plastisol mastic flm, which afects the durability of its protective properties. Methodology. Samples of road surface contamination showed that the main corrosive components in them are ions of chlorine, ammonium, nitrates and sulfates. One of the main properties of anti-corrosive flms is continuity, i.e. the absence of micro- and macropores in the structure, which can be judged by its moisture absorption. The infuence of the identifed components on the moisture absorption of the plastisol flm was investigated by the method of a multifactorial experiment of the design N = 24. The sequence of experiments was as follows: on an analytical balance VLA-200 g-M with an accuracy of 0.0001 g, prepared samples of 08kp steel were weighed before and after coating, dried and placed in beakers with a capacity of 900 ml with 16 solutions. The solutions were prepared based on the concentration of active ions of contaminants, dissolving in 1 liter of distilled water NaCl - 1.404 g, NH4OH - 0.0068 g, NaNO3 - 0.051 g, Na2SO4 - 0.3905 g. After 24, 72, 120 and 240 h, the samples were taken out from solutions, dried, weighed, and the moisture absorption of the flm was determined by the gravimetric method. Results. Based on the results of the experiments, equations were obtained for the dependence of moisture absorption on the corrosive components of road surface pollution. Conclusion. Analysis of the equations showed that with a single efect of factors on moisture absorption, ions and have the greatest infuence. Ions and less aggressive to the protective flm. The combination of chlorine and sulfate ions increases the moisture holding capacity of the flm. Ions of nitrates and sulfates partially inhibit the moisture absorption of the flm, and in combination with ions signifcantly increases the moisture capacity of the coatings.

Moisture Characteristics of Improved Gravelly Guest Soil for Bio-slope-engineering

This paper explores the reasonable proportion of guest soil in bio-slope-engineering by means of proportional experiments. In the experiment, rubble and improved materials such as peat and water-retaining agent were selected to study the effect of peat and water-retaining agent content on moisture constant, permeability coefficient and water absorption rate of guest soil.The measurements showed that peat and absorbent agent improve effective water capacity and water absorption speed of guest soil, thus guest soil absorb and hold more effective water; however, with the increase of peat content, wilting moisture capacity of guest soil will increase and its permeability coefficient will also enlarge, which is a disadvantage to plants survival in drought conditions and slope stability in rainy seasons. According to guest soil’s proportional experiments and field test, the favorable amount of rubble, peat, absorbent agent and aggregate agent, is 80%, 20%, 1.0‰ and 1.0‰, respectively, and the reasonable content of fertilizer in guest soil is 100 g/m2. The results may guide the design and construction of Guest soil spraying for bio- slope-engineering.

Management of the water regime of soil to increase the vegetable crops yield with different irrigation methods in the south of Russia

Long-term researches on the cultivation of vegetable crops with different methods of irrigation in the Volgograd region have shown that their yield was primarily closely related to the improvement of the water regime of the soil. Its efficiency using drip irrigation increased with the introduction of mineral fertilizers, and using subsurface irrigation - with an improvement of the location of the irrigation network. The highest yield of beet with drip irrigation (82.4 t / ha) was obtained with an increase of the Soil Pre-Irrigation Moisture (SPIM) to 85% of Full Moisture Capacity (FMC) and fertilization doses - to N235P140K130 kg/ha. The highest yield of courgettes with drip irrigation of 83.7 t / ha was obtained while maintaining the similar irrigation regime and the quantity of fertilizers N240P99K110 kg/ha.The maximum cabbage yield in our experience with drip irrigation of 83.1 t / ha was achieved using the option that combines the maintenance of the irrigation regime 80-90-80 %FMC with the application of fertilizers at doses of N110P50K140 kg / ha. The highest yield of radish with subsurface irrigation of 79.8 t / ha was obtained while maintaining SPIM 85 % FMC in the field with the location of subsurface humidifiers at a distance of 1.2 m from each other.