Influence of Copper Pollution of Haplic Calcic Chernozem With Various Contents of Sand Fractions on Morphobiometric Indicators of Spring Barley

The growth and development of plants is one of the criteria for assessing the degree of soil pollution with heavy metals. Morphological and anatomical changes in test plants affected by pollutants, such as growth retardation, shoot bending, and decreased root length and mass, indicate the worsening of environmental conditions. The effect of various ratios of soil and sand polluted with copper (Cu) on morphobiometric parameters of spring barley (Hordeum sativum distichum), Ratnik variety, was studied in a model vegetative experiment. Haplic calcic chernozem was used as a substrate with different ratios of soil/sand. It was determined that an addition of sand into the soil in the amounts of 25%, 50% and 75% of soil mass resulted in the alteration of the physical properties of the chernozem, which was reflected in the morphometric parameters of the plants. The most notable changes in the parameters were observed after pollution of soil-sand substrates with Cu(CH3COO)2 in the amounts of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg. The maximum growth and development retardation of the barley plants was found at the maximum content of sand and the maximum concentration of Cu. The pollutant reduced the root length and, to a lesser degree, the height of the aboveground components of the plant, which as a result, decreased the total plant biomass. Keywords: trace elements, soil, agricultural crops, particle size distribution

Evaluating the Physicochemical Properties of Some Kosovo’s and Imported Honey Samples

This study evaluated the physicochemical properties (moisture, pH, electrical conductivity, free acidity, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), proteins, insoluble solids, and ash) of 45 Kosovo’s and imported honey samples, using methods provided by national and international standards. The moisture values of all honey samples analyzed were below 20%. The free acidity was above 50.0 meq kg−1 in 14 out of 33 samples (42%) collected in Kosovo, while 2 out of 12 imported honey samples (16.7%) showed higher values than 50 meq kg−1. In this study, 7 out of 33 honey samples (21%) from Kosovo and one out of 12 honey samples from imports had soluble solids content below 80 °Brix. In terms of HMF, 5 out of 33 Kosovo honey samples (15%) and 4 out of 12 imported honey samples (33%) exceeded 40 mg/kg, which is the maximum content of HMF set in standards. The values of some physicochemical parameters (free acidity, HMF, and soluble solids) of local and imported honey samples are not within the quality limits set in legislation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the properties of fresh honey produced in Kosovo and the stability of honey during prolonged storage.

Veterinary drug Trametin obtained on the basis of Trametes pubescens xylotroph fungi: its effect on the biosynthesis of interferons and its prophylactic activity against calf respiratory diseases

Given the spread of bacterial and viral diseases in young farm animals, the use of interferons and drugs to stimulate their biosynthesis has gained relevance. In a previous study, we examined the effect of a veterinary drug Trametin produced on the basis of Trametes pubescens (Shumach.: Fr.) Pilat. on the biosynthesis of interferons in the blood of mice. The present work is aimed at studying the biosynthesis dynamics of α- and γ-interferons when using Trametin and studying its prophylactic activity in calves. It is shown that a single oral administration of Trametin in doses ranging from 15 to 60 mg/kg causes a dose-dependent induction and production of γ-interferon in the blood of mice, whose maximum content reaches 1337.0±93.0 pg/mL at 48 h after administering a dose of 30 mg/kg. With a Trametin dose increase from 15 to 30 mg/kg, the level of α-interferon production rises to 1388.0±84.0 pg/mL at 48 h after administration. At a Cycloferon dose of 4.5 mg/kg, the production level of α-interferon and γ-interferon amounts to 1455.47±84.2 and 1447.0±90.0 pg/mL, respectively. The immunostimulatory properties of Trametin are confirmed by a scientific and economic experiment conducted using immunocompromised calves. In our studies, an immunological test of calf blood performed prior to and following the administration of Trimetin and Cycloferon constitutes criteria for the prophylactic activity of these drugs. The prophylactic efficacy of Trametin is confirmed by an increase in phagocytic activity by 10.5%, phagocytic index by 61.8%, and phagocytic number by 52.8%. After Trametin administration, the bactericidal activity of the serum increases by 60%. Cycloferon exhibits a similar immunostimulatory effect. Nonspecific prophylaxis using Trametin is shown to reduce the incidence of bacterial and viral respiratory diseases in young calves and generally improve their immunity.

The content of heavy metals in the raw materials of some representatives of the genus Paeonia L. in an urbanized environment

At present, heavy metals are generally recognized as priority soil pollutants, while the most active pollutants are their mobile forms, which can pass from solid phases into soil solutions and be absorbed by plants. It is known that the vegetative mass of agricultural crops is capable of accumulating large amounts of heavy metals. Ornamental flower crops, which firmly occupy their ecological niche, are practically not considered from this point of view. The aim of this work was to study the features of the accumulation of heavy metals in the aboveground and underground organs of some representatives of the genus Paeonia L. in the urbanized environment of the city of Ufa. The objects of research were four species ( P. peregrina Mill., P. lactiflora Pall., P. lactiflora f. rosea, P. delavayi Franch.) (Family Paeoniaceae Rudolphi) and three varieties of hybrid peony (Appassionata, Mustai Karim, Jeanne dArc). The study of the elemental composition of the aboveground and underground parts was carried out according to the method Determination of As, Pb, Cd, Sn, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni in samples of food products and food raw materials by the atomic absorption method with electrothermal atomization. Mathematical data processing was carried out using generally accepted methods of variation statistics using the AgCStat software package in the form of an Excel add-in. Eight element studies are presented for each raw material group. Quantitative indicators of elements are given in mmol/kg of air-dry raw materials. It was revealed that in the studied samples the copper content was 4.152520.00 times higher than that of other elements. The minimum concentrations of arsenic (0.00350.0064 mmol/kg), chromium (0.00190.0046 mmol/ kg), manganese (0.01740.0219 mmol/ kg) and iron (0.00590.0125 mmol/ kg) were noted in the roots; lead (0.0030.037 mmol/kg), cadmium (0.00020.001 mmol/kg) and copper (0.14770.2134 mmol/kg) - in the leaves; nickel (0.00820.0179 mmol/kg) - in the flowers of the studied paeonies. The maximum content of arsenic (0.00620.0123 mmol/kg) and chromium (0.00280.0063 mmol/kg) was found in the leaves; lead (0.00270.0223 mmol/kg), nickel (0.01670.0209 mmol/kg), manganese (0.01730.0212 mmol/kg) and iron (0.00870.0138 mmol/kg) - in stems; cadmium (0.00020.0009 mmol/kg) and copper (0.1440.244 mmol/kg) - in flowers. Therefore, cutting paeonies in the autumn before retirement avoids the accumulation of these microelements in the soil. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the absolute values of the concentrations of the studied elements in the considered taxon of paeonies correlate with each other to a moderate and strong degree.

STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION OF GaAsBi FILMS OBTAINED BY PULSED LASER

Методом одноосного холодного прессования были изготовлены мишени GaAsBi с содержанием Bi 1 и 22%. Из полученных мишеней впервые было проведено импульсное лазерное напыления тонких пленок GaAsBi на подложках GaAs и Si. Были исследованы состав, спектры комбинационного рассеяния и фотолюминесценции тонких пленок GaAsBi, полученных из мишеней с содержанием Bi 1 и 22%. По данным спектров фотолюминесценции тонких пленок GaAsBi на подложках GaAs определено, максимальное содержание Bi в пленках не превышает 2,7 %. Полученные результаты хорошо коррелируют с результатами энергодисперсионного анализа, состав пленок, полученных из мишеней с содержанием Bi 1 и 22% - GaAs Bi и GaAsBi. Установлено, что фононная мода LO (GaBi). связанная с нарушением упорядоченности при смешении фаз GaAs и GaBi, находиться на частоте 181 см. Для тонкой пленки, полученной на подложке Si наблюдалась мода LO (GaAs), которая менее выражена и смещена на 3 см влево, в то время как запрещенная правилами отбора мода TO (GaAs) имеет более высокую интенсивность и ее смещение составляет около 1 см относительно частоты TO (GaAs) моды тонкой пленки, полученной на подложке GaAs . Uniaxial cold pressing was used to fabricate the GaAsBi targets with the Bi content of 1 and 22 %. From the obtained targets, pulsed laser deposition of GaAsBi thin films on the GaAs and Si substrates was carried out for the first time. We studied the composition, Raman and PL spectra of thin GaAsBi films obtained from targets with 1 and 22 % of Bi. According to the photoluminescence spectra of thin GaAsBi films on GaAs substrates, it was determined that the maximum content of Bi in the films did not exceed 2,7 %. The results obtained well correlate with the results of the energy dispersive analysis, the composition of films obtained from targets with the Bi content of 1 and 22% - GaAs Bi and GaAsBi. It was found that the LO(GaBi) phonon mode of associated with disordering during mixing of GaAs and GaBi phases to be at a frequency of 181 cm. For the thin film obtained on the Si substrate, the mode LO (GaAs) was observed that was less pronounced and shifted by 3 cm to the left, while the mode TO (GaAs), forbidden by the selection rules, had a higher intensity and its shift was of about 1 cm relative to the frequency of the mode TO (GaAs) of the thin film obtained on the GaAs substrate.

THE INTENSITY OF THE HEAVY METALS BY TOPINAMBUR IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE OIL-POLLUTED AREAS

This study was aimed to investigate the ability of Jerusalem artichokes (Helianthus tuberous L.) to absorb heavy metals in an oil-contaminated ecosystem. The research was carried out in a territory of the oil and gas pipeline at the village of Bytkiv of Nadvirna district. Jerusalem artichokes were used for this study and planted on an area of 25 m2. The area of the experimental field in the village of Maidan of Tysmenytsia district (control option № 1). A total of eight treatments of the experiment with different rates of sewage sludge. It is established that the concentration of heavy metals in oil-contaminated soil and Jerusalem artichoke plants increases with increasing the amount of fertilizers in the soil. The maximum content of metals in the tested soils, green mass and Jerusalem artichoke roots was observed mainly in the variant of sewage sludge application at the rate of 40 t/ha and fertilizer N10P14K58.The green mass and roots of Jerusalem artichoke exhibited the highest content of heavy metals absorption the transition coefficients of metals in the system "roots - green mass" increase in the following : Pb → Co → Ni → Cd. The coefficients of biological absorption of metals by Jerusalem artichoke increase in a number of elements: Co → Ni → Ld → Ca. Where as The coefficients of biological accumulation of heavy metals with Jerusalem artichoke increase in a number of elements following series : L → Co → Ni → Ca. It is recommended to use Jerusalem artichoke as a phytoremediator of man-made areas.

ELASTOMERIC COMPOSITIONS WITH A HIGH CONTENT OF CHRYSOTILE ASBESTOS

The studies have shown the possibility of increasing the safety level of chrysotile asbestos (AX) in the technological process of its use in elastomeric compositions. This is achieved by dispersing ACh in a lactam-containing melt. As a result, dispersed ACh almost completely eliminates dusting, which is the main essence of increasing its safety level and allows solving the problem of its maximum content in elastomeric compositions, which in turn provides the necessary level of swelling of the elastomeric composition as a whole upon its contact with working fluids. drilling wells.

Agronomic potential of four rock powders, pure or mixed, as soil remineralizers

Detailed knowledge of chemical, petrographic and mineralogical compositions as well as the effects of applying rock powder on soil chemical properties and plant production are required for classifying these materials as soil remineralizers (SR), as according to Brazilian legislation in force. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of rock powders siltstone, tephrite and olivine melilitite, pure or mixed, on improving the fertility of a Cambisol and a Nitisol as well as the yield of soybean and barley crops grown in succession inside a greenhouse. For that purpose, these products were characterized as their granulometry, chemical, mineralogical and petrographic compositions. Based on the results, it was verified which products met the requirements for registration as SR established by the Normative Instruction Number 5 (NI5) from MAPA. Elemental chemical and grain size analyses indicated that all tested products met the NI5 requirements for their registration as SR. The mineral composition identified through petrographic analyses was confirmed by analyses performed via X-ray diffractometry techniques. Olivine melilitite rock, pure or mixed with siltstone, had the highest agronomic potential when compared to other powders, thus acknowledged as a SR. Although tephrite had little agronomic response on evaluated soils and crops, it also meets the SR requirements. Siltstone fulfilled most of NI5 criteria, except for exceeding the maximum content of free silica (quartz); therefore, it likely does not meet the requirements for its admittance as a SR.

Libraries of pedagogical institutions of higher education on social media

The article aims to explore nowadays promoting conditions of libraries of pedagogical institutions of higher education on social media and define effectiveness criteria of this process. Content analysis of official accounts of 19 libraries of pedagogical institutions of higher education in Ukraine is provided. Based on the results of content analysis the authors explore the current state of representing their information products and services on social networks, specify the factors that contribute to the effectiveness of promoting library services among users. The authors indicate the following factors which influence the followers number: correct use of hashtags, authenticity and frequency of content updating, maximum content synchronization of the library profiles on various social networks for uniform information and involvement of their target audiences; insight and successful use of functionality of various social networks by librarians.

Comparative analysis of the content of heavy metals in raw materials of some representatives of the genus Paeonia L.

Currently, heavy metals are considered as priority soil pollutants. It is known that the vegetative mass of agricultural crops is capable of accumulating them in large quantities. Ornamental flower crops, which firmly occupy their ecological niche, are practically not considered from this point of view. The aim of this work is to study the features of the accumulation of heavy metals in the aboveground and underground organs of some representatives of the genus Paeonia L. in the urbanized environment of the city of Ufa. The objects of research were seven taxa of Paeonia (P. peregrina Mill., P. lactiflora Pall., P. lactiflora f. rosea, P. delavayi Franch., P. × hybrida Appassionata, Mustai Karim, Jeanne d’Arc). Methodology. The study of the elemental composition of the aboveground and underground parts was carried out according to the method No. M-02-1009-05 atomic spectroscopy. Mathematical data processing was carried out using generally accepted methods of variation statistics using the AgCStat software package in the form of an Excel add-in. Scientific novelty. For the first time, different taxa and parts of Paeonia plants were taken for research. Results. It was revealed that in the studied samples the copper content is 4,15–2520,00 times higher than that of other elements. It is noted that the minimum concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, manganese and iron are noted in the roots; lead and nickel – in flowers; copper – in the leaves of the studied paeonies. The maximum content of arsenic, lead, chromium is found in the leaves; cadmium, nickel, manganese – in the stems; iron – in flowers. That is, cutting paeonies in the autumn before retirement avoids the accumulation of these microelements in the soil. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the absolute values of the concentrations of the studied elements in the considered taxa of paeonies correlate with each other to a weak and medium degree. Correlation study of pairs of elements makes it possible to assess the synergism of accumulation and its absence, which is consistent with the opinion of other authors.