Current state of autism knowledge in the general population of the United States

In recent years, a continuous decline of ice-coverage in the Arctic has been recorded, but these high latitudes are still dominated by earth’s polar ice cap. Therefore, safe and sustainable shipping operations in this still frozen region have as a precondition the availability of ice-breaking support. The analysis in hand provides an assessment of the United States’ and Canada’s polar ice-breaking program with the purpose of examining to what extent these countries’ relevant resources are able to meet the facilitated growth of industrial interests in the High North. This assessment will specifically focus on the maritime transportation sector along the Northwest Passage and consists of four main sections. The first provides a very brief description of the main Arctic passages. The second section specifically explores the current situation of the Northwest Passage, including the relevant navigational challenges, lack of infrastructure, available routes that may be used for transit, potential choke points, and current state of vessel activity along these routes. The third one examines the economic viability of the Northwest Passage compared to that of the Panama Canal; the fourth and final section is investigating the current and future capabilities of the United States’ and Canada’s ice-breaking fleet. Unfortunately, both countries were found to be lacking the necessary assets with ice-breaking capabilities and will need to accelerate their efforts in order to effectively respond to the growing needs of the Arctic. The total number of available ice-breaking assets is impacting negatively the level of support by the marine transportation system of both the United States and Canada; these two countries are facing the possibility to be unable to effectively meet the expected future needs because of the lengthy acquisition and production process required for new ice-breaking fleets.

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Mathematical pattern of Kessler psychological distress distribution in the general population of the U.S. and Japan

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03198-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shinichiro Tomitaka ◽

Toshiaki A. Furukawa

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

General Population ◽

National Survey ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Quadratic Function ◽

The United States ◽

Depression Screening ◽

Distribution Model ◽

Epidemiological Surveys ◽

Screening Scale

Abstract Background Although the 6-item Kessler psychological scale (K6) is a useful depression screening scale in clinical settings and epidemiological surveys, little is known about the distribution model of the K6 score in the general population. Using four major national survey datasets from the United States and Japan, we explored the mathematical pattern of the K6 distributions in the general population. Methods We analyzed four datasets from the National Health Interview Survey, the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in the United States, and the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan. We compared the goodness of fit between three models: exponential, power law, and quadratic function models. Graphical and regression analyses were employed to investigate the mathematical patterns of the K6 distributions. Results The exponential function had the best fit among the three models. The K6 distributions exhibited an exponential pattern, except for the lower end of the distribution across the four surveys. The rate parameter of the K6 distributions was similar across all surveys. Conclusions Our results suggest that, regardless of different sample populations and methodologies, the K6 scores exhibit a common mathematical distribution in the general population. Our findings will contribute to the development of the distribution model for such a depression screening scale.

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Biosurveillance: A Modern Look

Journal of Biosecurity Biosafety and Biodefense Law ◽

10.1515/jbbbl-2020-0007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

James Lee Brooks

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Homeland Security ◽

The United States ◽

First Century ◽

Direct Result ◽

Current State ◽

Twenty First Century ◽

Security Operations

AbstractThe early part of the twenty-first century saw a revolution in the field of Homeland Security. The 9/11 attacks, shortly followed thereafter by the Anthrax Attacks, served as a wakeup call to the United States and showed the inadequacy of the current state of the nation’s Homeland Security operations. Biodefense, and as a direct result Biosurveillance, changed dramatically after these tragedies, planting the seeds of fear in the minds of Americans. They were shown that not only could the United States be attacked at any time, but the weapon could be an invisible disease-causing agent.

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The United States’ Regulatory Environment Is Evolving to Accommodate a Coming Boom in Gene Therapy Research

Applied Biosafety ◽

10.1177/1535676019854866 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 147-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniel Eisenman

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Gene Therapy ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

The United States ◽

Regulatory Environment ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Regulatory Structure ◽

Regulatory Changes ◽

Current State ◽

Therapy Field

Introduction: A dramatic increase in the number of clinical trials involving gene-modified cell therapy and gene therapy is taking place. The field is on the verge of a boom, and the regulatory environment is evolving to accommodate the growth. Discussion: This commentary summarizes the current state of the field, including an overview of the growth. The United States (US) regulatory structure for gene therapy will be summarized, and the evolution of the oversight structure will be explained. Conclusion: The gene therapy field has recently produced its first FDA-approved therapeutics and has a pipeline of other investigational products in the final stages of clinical trials before they can be evaluated by the FDA as safe and effective therapeutics. As research continues to evolve, so must the oversight structure. Biosafety professionals and IBCs have always played key roles in contributing to the safe, evidence-based advancement of gene therapy research. With the recent regulatory changes and current surge in gene therapy research, the importance of those roles has increased dramatically.

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Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes and Viral Concentrations in Participants of a General Population Survey in the United States

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1053/j.gastro.2006.06.007 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 131 (2) ◽

pp. 478-484 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

Omana V. Nainan ◽

Miriam J. Alter ◽

Deanna Kruszon-Moran ◽

Feng-Xiang Gao ◽

Guoliang Xia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

General Population ◽

Population Survey ◽

The United States ◽

General Population Survey ◽

Virus Genotypes ◽

Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes

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Family Visitation in the PACU: The Current State of Practice in the United States

Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing ◽

10.1016/j.jopan.2009.01.002 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 81-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Kathleen DeLeskey

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Current State ◽

State Of Practice

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Human Coinfection withBorrelia burgdorferiandBabesia microtiin the United States

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2015/587131 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Kristen L. Knapp ◽

Nancy A. Rice

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Lyme Disease ◽

Causative Agent ◽

Ixodes Scapularis ◽

Immunological Response ◽

The United States ◽

Babesia Microti ◽

Current State ◽

Tick Borne Disease ◽

Multiple Pathogens

Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, andBabesia microti, a causative agent of babesiosis, are increasingly implicated in the growing tick-borne disease burden in the northeastern United States. These pathogens are transmitted via the bite of an infected tick vector,Ixodes scapularis, which is capable of harboring and inoculating a host with multiple pathogens simultaneously. Clinical presentation of the diseases is heterogeneous and ranges from mild flu-like symptoms to near-fatal cardiac arrhythmias. While the reason for the variability is not known, the possibility exists that concomitant infection with bothB. burgdorferiandB. microtimay synergistically increase disease severity. In an effort to clarify the current state of understanding regarding coinfection withB. burgdorferiandB. microti, in this review, we discuss the geographical distribution and pathogenesis of Lyme disease and babesiosis in the United States, the immunological response of humans toB. burgdorferiorB. microtiinfection, the existing knowledge regarding coinfection disease pathology, and critical factors that have led to ambiguity in the literature regarding coinfection, in order to eliminate confusion in future experimental design and investigation.

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