scholarly journals Virtual mobility and travel behavior of young people – Connections of two dimensions of mobility

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Konrad ◽  
Dirk Wittowsky
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Virtual Mobility

scholarly journals Global Cultural Identity Among Young People in Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-380
Author(s):  
Roman Džambazovič ◽  
Daniel Gerbery
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Literacy ◽  
Cultural Participation ◽  
School Students ◽  
Global Identity ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cultural Openness

Abstract It is becoming increasingly obvious that young people are facing the globalisation of personal identity. It is the result of ongoing interaction between individuals and their globalised socio-cultural environment that leads to changes in self-identification. Cultural openness and the “de-territorialisation” of identity are the key aspects of this process. The paper explores the globalisation of identities among secondary school students, using the concept of global self-identification. The analysis employs quantitative data from the Survey of Young People’s Cultural Literacy. The globalisation of identity is captured by the Global Identity Scale (Türken, Rudmin, 2013), which consists of two dimensions – “Non-nationalism” and “Cultural Openness”. The aim of the study is to examine to what extent young people in Slovakia can be characterised in terms of global self-identification and to identify what affects the propensity for global self-identification. Furthermore, it tests the relationship between global self-identification and other phenomena that are supposedly related to global identity. The results show that the global identity is present among young people in Slovakia. By applying multilevel modelling, we identified a variety of culture-related phenomena that affect cultural openness and non-nationalism, including multicultural interaction and cultural participation. In addition, the study confirms that type of school has a significant effect.

scholarly journals Planarity and Street Network Representation in Urban Form Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Boeing
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Design Patterns ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Street Network ◽  
Form Analysis ◽  
Street Networks

Models of street networks underlie research in urban travel behavior, accessibility, design patterns, and morphology. These models are commonly defined as planar, meaning they can be represented in two dimensions without any underpasses or overpasses. However, real-world urban street networks exist in three-dimensional space and frequently feature grade separation such as bridges and tunnels: planar simplifications can be useful but they also impact the results of real-world street network analysis. This study measures the nonplanarity of drivable and walkable street networks in the centers of 50 cities worldwide, then examines the variation of nonplanarity across a single city. It develops two new indicators - the Spatial Planarity Ratio and the Edge Length Ratio - to measure planarity and describe infrastructure and urbanization. While some street networks are approximately planar, we empirically quantify how planar models can inconsistently but drastically misrepresent intersection density, street lengths, routing, and connectivity.

Culture, values and entrepreneurial motivation in Bhutan

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Valliere
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Social Values ◽  
National Policy ◽  
National Development ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Motivation

Purpose – This study aims to conduct a comparative exploration into the effects of culture, social values and entrepreneurial motivation on the career decisions of youth in the newly liberalizing economy of Bhutan. These data should inform current efforts in that country to foster greater entrepreneurship among young people as a means to national development and enhanced levels of gross national happiness (GNH). Design/methodology/approach – We surveyed 144 young people with an express interest in becoming educated in business and entrepreneurship, located in Bhutan and Canada. We measured the seven Hofstede's dimensions of national culture, two dimensions of social values from the world values survey and the three dimensions of McClelland's need for achievement construct – in all cases by reusing well-established metrics from the entrepreneurship and international business literature. The novel Bhutanese data are then compared to the equivalent data for Canada to provide context for their interpretation. Findings – Our results show significant and wide-spread differences in the measures of culture and social values. On the measures of achievement motivation, our results show that the Bhutanese youth differ only in a significantly lower need for demonstrating mastery. Research limitations/implications – This study appears to be the first report of the widely used international measures of culture, values and motivation for Bhutan, which represents a context that differs very significantly from many of its Asian neighbors and from western countries that are the usual subjects of research into drivers of entrepreneurship. As such, Bhutan may form an important test of the generalizability of theories of entrepreneurship and national development. Practical implications – Our results point to novel and clear linkages between national policy objectives of increased entrepreneurship among youth and the specific supports and obstacles that exist in the national culture and values. These linkages, along with our findings on Bhutanese levels of achievement motivation, should inform the development of training programs to support the achievement of the national objectives. Originality/value – Bhutan represents a unique combination where national entrepreneurship programs are being used for economic development in the context of a highly traditional social environment based on the maximization of GHN. Our results provide a unique insight into significant effects that culture and values may have in the realization of these goals for the people of Bhutan.

scholarly journals A two-dimensional propensity score matching method for longitudinal quasi-experimental studies: A focus on travel behavior and the built environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 239980832098230
Author(s):  
Haotian Zhong ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Marlon G Boarnet
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Matching Method

The lack of longitudinal studies of the relationship between the built environment and travel behavior has been widely discussed in the literature. This paper discusses how standard propensity score matching estimators can be extended to enable such studies by pairing observations across two dimensions: longitudinal and cross-sectional. Researchers mimic randomized controlled trials and match observations in both dimensions to find synthetic control groups that are similar to the treatment group and to match subjects across before- and after-treatment periods. We call this a two-dimensional propensity score matching method. This method demonstrates superior performance for improving treatment effect estimation based on Monte Carlo evidence. A near-term opportunity for such matching is identifying the treatment effect of transportation infrastructure on travel behavior.

scholarly journals Reliability and validity of spirituality questionnaire by Parsian and Dunning in the Spanish version

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz Patricia Díaz Heredia ◽  
Alba Idaly Muñoz Sánchez ◽  
Divane de Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Young People ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Methodological Study ◽  
Reliability Score ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The aim of this methodological study was to translate, culturally adapt and assess the internal consistency and validity of the Spanish version of the "Spirituality Questionnaire". The sample comprised 204 young people between 18 and 25 years of age from two universities in Bogotá. Cronbach's Alpha was used for reliability, while groups of experts and young people were used for construct validity. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used for construct validity. The reliability score of the total instrument was 0.88. The overall index of content validity corresponded to 0.90. Exploratory factor analysis showed that four factors explain 52.60% of the variance. The originally proposed theoretical model was confirmed and, in two dimensions, a different structure was proposed. In conclusion, the instrument "Spirituality Questionnaire" by Parsian and Dunning is reliable and valid in the Spanish version.

Entangled musical lives: Affordances of spaces in young people’s music engagement for connectedness and wellbeing

2019 ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
Susan A. O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

The affordances of spaces in young people’s music engagement through which they derive a sense of connectedness and wellbeing are explored in this chapter. Specifically, the chapter examines how the material, relational, and multimodal nature of young people’s music engagement (referred to here as entangled musical lives) promotes connectedness and wellbeing within physical, virtual, and hybrid life spaces. Drawing on theoretical perspectives from new materialism and multiliteracies, which allow for the interdisciplinary study of two dimensions of music making in their entanglement—meaning and materiality—this chapter offers insights into how music, connectedness, and wellbeing might be conceptualized as an enactment of possibilities for reconfiguring this complex entanglement. Applying these insights to our understanding of how young people navigate and negotiate musical spaces can help us to understand and reassert music and materiality into the embodied practices of young people’s music engagement.

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